中医药通过mTOR途径调节细胞凋亡与自噬的研究进展

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy Through mTOR Pathway

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)是一种进化保守的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,其生物学功能主要是参与细胞的增殖、生长及分化,从而调节机体的代谢过程。诸多国内外研究表明,mTOR是细胞凋亡及自噬信号转导通路的交汇点,营养、药物及氧化应激等多种刺激均可通过mTOR介导的信号通路对细胞的凋亡和自噬起到关键性的调控作用。目前,诸多研究已经证明,mTOR信号通路的改变与多种人类疾病的发病机制密切相关,如癌症、代谢紊乱(肥胖和2型糖尿病)、心血管和神经退行性疾病、与年龄有关的疾病和卵泡发育障碍等。近年来,越来越多的医家以该通路为切入点,以细胞凋亡和自噬为研究载体,研究了中医药对细胞凋亡和自噬的调节。其中包括中药单体、中成药、中药复方以及针灸等药物及物理疗法调控凋亡及自噬的实验研究。本文从mTOR信号通路入手,探讨了mTOR与细胞凋亡及自噬的关系,综述了中医药经mTOR途径调节细胞凋亡与自噬的最新进展,为中医药在该领域的深入研究提供了思路与参考。今后,中医药领域仍可以mTOR信号通路为依托,在中医基础理论的指导下对细胞凋亡和自噬的时效关系进行探索,为中医药在机体的作用机制提供新的现代医学的理论支持和作用靶点。

Mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR) is an evolutionary conservative serine /threonine protein kinase. Its biological function is mainly to participate in cell proliferation,growth and differentiation,so as to regulate the body's metabolic process. Many domestic and foreign studies have shown that mTOR is the junction of apoptosis and autophagy signal transduction pathways. Various stimuli,such as nutrition,drugs and oxidative stress,may play a key regulatory role in cell apoptosis and autophagy through mTOR-mediated signaling pathways. At present,many studies have shown that the change in mTOR signaling pathways is closely related to the pathogenesis of many human diseases,such as cancer,metabolic disorders ( obesity and type 2 diabetes ) , cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease,age-related diseases and disorders of follicular. In recent years, more and more doctors have studied the regulatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine on apoptosis and autophagy,with the pathways as the starting point and cell apoptosis and autophagy as the research carriers. These studies include experimental studies on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by monomers of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) ,Chinese patent medicine,compound prescription of TCM,acupuncture and other drugs and physiotherapy. Starting from the mTOR signaling pathways,this paper discusses the relationship between mTOR,apoptosis and autophagy,and reviews the recent progress of TCM in regulating apoptosis and autophagy through mTOR pathways,so as to provide ideas and references for further studies in this field. In the future,TCM doctors can still explore the time-effect relationship between apoptosis and autophagy based on mTOR signaling pathways under the guidance of the basic theory of Chinese medicine,in order to provide theoretical support and targets for the action mechanism of TCM on bodies.