矿物类中药止血药理作用及临床应用研究进展

Research Progress on Hemostatic Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Application of Mineral Chinese Medicine

矿物药是我国传统中医药不可缺少的重要组成部分,药用矿物资源的研究与利用已有几千年的历史,是各族人民生存过程中无数次试用、观察、积累的实践医疗经验总结,极具特色。目前,矿物药的治疗范围涉及内科、外科、妇科、儿科、五官科等。矿物药对多种出血病症的临床应用广泛、用药经验丰富且疗效显著,但现代研究文献较少,主要集中在1970—1990年代。本文对近40年来临床具止血作用矿物药的药理作用及临床应用进行综述,以期为临床治疗出血病症合理用药、对矿物类中药资源的进一步开发利用、物质基础及作用机制的深入研究以及更好地挖掘矿物药资源宝库提供参考。通过对主要著作的统计,记载有止血作用的矿物药共27味。矿物类中药止血药理作用研究主要集中在对矿物药的元素分析及相关元素对止血作用的影响,以及相关止血作用的药理实验研究加以证实,但研究尚不深入和全面。矿物类中药止血的临床应用主要包括消化道出血、咯血、鼻衄、牙龈出血、颅脑出血、流产后出血、血崩、子宫出血、血便及外用止血等。

Mineral Chinese medicine is an indispensable part in traditional Chinese medicine,with a history of several thousand years in research and utilization of medicinal mineral resources. It is a summary of the medical experience accumulated in numerous trials, observations and practices during the survival process of people of all nationalities,showing distinctive characteristics. At present,the scope of mineral medicine treatment involves internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, facial features and so on. The mineral Chinese medicine has broad clinical application in many kinds of hemorrhagic diseases,with rich experience in medication and remarkable curative effects. However,there are few papers in modern research,mainly concentrated in the1970 s—1990 s. In this paper, the pharmacology and clinical application of mineral Chinese medicine with hemostatic effects in the last 40 years were reviewed,aiming to provide references for its clinical rational use in bleeding diseases,further development and utilization of mineral Chinese medicine resources of traditional Chinese medicine,in-depth study of material basis and action mechanism,and further exploration of mineral Chinese medicine resources. According to the statistics of the major Chinese medicine works,27 kinds of mineral drugs have hemostatic effects. The researches on hemostatic pharmacology of mineral Chinese medicine mainly focus on the analysis of mineral medicine elements and the effect of related elements on hemostasis, as well as the pharmacological experimental study on hemostasis,but the research is not deep-going and comprehensive. The clinical application of mineral Chinese medicine for hemostasis mainly includes digestive tract hemorrhage,hemoptysis, epistaxis, gingival hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, post-abortion hemorrhage, metrorrhagia,uterine bleeding,hematochezia and external hemostasis.