五加科植物中药对胆固醇的调节作用及机制研究进展

Regulatory Effect and Mechanism of Araliaceae Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cholesterol

五加科植物中药三七、人参、西洋参等是我国名贵中药材,具有抗炎、抗衰老等作用,对心脑血管系统有明显影响。研究发现其对胆固醇代谢和转运可能影响心脑血管系统的功能,总胆固醇(TC)可分为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),胆固醇具有很多生理调节作用,HDL-C对心血管有保护作用,当体内胆固醇代谢出现紊乱、LDL-C增高等则会增加心脑血管疾病的危险。通过查阅近几年相关中外文献资料,笔者发现五加科植物中药对胆固醇具有明显的调节作用,能够直接调节实验性高血脂大鼠胆固醇水平,均能降低大鼠体内TC和LDL-C,部分能升高大鼠体内HDL-C水平;可以通过抑制胆固醇合成调控基因肝X受体(LXR-α),过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体γ(PPARγ),细胞色素P450 7A1(CYP7A1)等从而抑制胆固醇的合成;可以通过上调胆固醇代谢基因过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体α(PPARα),PPARγ,CYP8B1,CYP7A1,LXR和转运体腺苷三磷酸结合转运蛋白(ABCA1,ABCG5/8)等从而促进体内胆固醇代谢;五加科植物可能通过调节脑内胆固醇代谢和转运从而发挥神经保护作用,改善神经退行性疾病,五加科植物对脑内胆固醇代谢和转运的研究将成为未来的研究热点。以上综述希望能够为五加科中药降脂作用及机制的进一步研究提供参考思路。

Araliaceae plant Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacix Quinquefolii Radix are famous Chinese herbal medicines,with anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effect,as well as obvious effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.Studies have found that the metabolism and transport of cholesterol may affect the function of the cardiovascular system.Cholesterol can be divided into high-density cholesterol and low-density cholesterol.Cholesterol has many physiological regulating effect.High-density cholesterol has a protective effect on cardiovascular disease.When the cholesterol metabolism in the body is disordered,low-density cholesterol is increased,and will cause the increase in the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.By consulting relevant Chinese and foreign documents and materials,we found that traditional Chinese medicine Araliaceae has a significant regulatory effect on cholesterol.It can directly regulate the cholesterol level of experimental hyperlipidemia rats,reduce total cholesterol(TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in rats,and partially increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)level in rats.It can inhibit cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis-regulating genes liver X receptor-α(LXR-α),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ),cytochrome P4507A1(CYP7A1);and up-regulate cholesterol metabolism genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPARα),PPARγ,CYP8B1,CYP7A1,LXR)and body ATP-binding cassette transporter,ABC transporter(ABCA1,ABCG5/8)to promote cholesterol metabolism in the body.Araliaceae plants may play a neuroprotective role by regulating cholesterol metabolism and transport in the brain,and improve neurodegenerative diseases.Studies on the effect of Araliaceae plants on the metabolism and transport of cholesterol in brain will become a hot research topic in the future.The above review is expected to provide a reference for further research on the lipid-lowering effect and mechanism of Araliaceae plants.