过敏煎及其单味药抗过敏作用的实验研究进展

Anti-allergy Effect of Gouminjian and Its Components

过敏煎是中国著名老中医祝湛予所创的方剂,组方为银柴胡、防风、乌梅、五味子各10 g,在临床上常用于过敏性皮肤病,如荨麻疹、特应性皮炎、湿疹等,药味虽简,但疗效显著,在临床上其治疗总有效率高达90%。过敏煎具有祛风解表,扶正祛邪之功,通过拮抗组胺,降低血清中免疫球蛋白(Ig) E,抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒及改变CD4+T细胞亚群的分化等,发挥止痒、降低毛细血管通透性、抗炎等作用,从多靶点、多路径、多层次体现其抗过敏功效。亦有国内外学者对过敏煎中的各单味药的化学成分进行活性筛选,均发现了抗过敏活性成分如α-cubebenoate,升麻苷,五味子醇甲,防风多糖等,且机制各异。然而中药复方功效的体现绝不是各单味药简单加合,更不能以单味药中某一活性成分衡量其功效优劣,应全面地探析过敏煎中的抗过敏化学成分群,从整体观的角度把握过敏煎的抗过敏功效。但目前对于过敏煎的探究仅局限于其药效学的研究,而对过敏煎中抗过敏活性成分群依旧缺乏系统性、全面性、整体性的认识,限制了过敏煎的二次开发及质量标准的建立。因此,笔者通过检索国内外文献,对过敏煎及其各单味药的抗过敏现代研究成果进行系统性的梳理和汇总,为深入阐明过敏煎的抗过敏化学成分群、作用机制的研究及新型抗过敏新药的开发提供参考依据。

Guominjian is a prescription created by famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)doctor ZHU Zhan-yu.The prescription is composed of four TCM:Saposhnikoviae Radix,Mume Fructus,Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and Stellariae Radix,which are commonly used in clinical practice for allergic skin diseases,such as urticaria,atopic dermatitis and eczema.Although the medicinal composition is simple,the curative effect is remarkable,and the total effective rate of treatment in clinic is as high as 90%.Guominjian has the effects on phlegm and blood stasis,and can relieve itching and reduce capillary permeability by antagonizing histamine,reducing serum immune globulin(Ig)E,inhibiting mast cell degranulation and changing the differentiation of CD4+T cell subsets,with anti-allergy effect at multi-target,multi-path,multi-levels.Domestic and foreign scholars have screened out the chemical constituents of single herbs in Guominjian,and found anti-allergic active ingredients,such asα-cubebenoate,cimicin,schisandrin,and saposhnikovia divaricata polysaccharide,and the mechanisms are different.However,the effects of TCM compounds are not equal to the simple combination of single herbs,and it is not possible to measure the efficacy of an active ingredient in a single herb.The anti-allergic chemical composition in Guominjian should be comprehensively analyzed to study the anti-allergy effect of Guominjian in an all-round way.However,the current research on Guominjian is only limited to the pharmacodynamics,but there is still lack systematic,comprehensive and holistic understanding of anti-allergic active components in Guominjian,which limits the secondary development and the establishment of standards of Guominjian.Therefore,the authors systematically collect and summarize the anti-allergic modern research results of Guominjian and its components by searching domestic and foreign literatures,in order to further define the research and new mechanism of anti-allergic chemical components and mechanism of Guominjian,and provide reference for the development of anti-allergic new drugs.