百合采后加工包装贮藏环节的调查

Post Harvest Investigation on Processing,Packaging,and Storage of Lilii Bulbus

目的:针对市售百合质量差异较大的情况,通过深入调查百合在采收、初加工、包装、贮藏环节的现状,全面了解百合在采后各环节影响其质量的因素,为其规范化生产提供参考。方法:以多个主产区、中药材专业市场的实地调查为主,结合文献检索和分析,综合分析影响百合质量的各种因素。结果:通过调查结果的汇总、分析,归纳总结了百合在采收、初加工、干燥技术、包装、贮藏等方面的现状和具体操作中存在的不足。结论:百合的采收涉及生长年限、采收期、采收方法;初加工涉及剥片、清洗、硫磺熏蒸、多种制熟和干制方法;热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、远红外线干燥、微波干燥等现代干燥技术均得到了一定程度的应用。包装与贮藏环节的主要变质现象是褐变、虫蛀和腐烂。市售百合以散装为主、塑料袋包装为辅,兼有真空鲜品包装。因操作过程的不规范,制熟和干制技术对其质量的影响最为关键。需要探索并制定科学统一的标准操作规程(Standard Operating Procedure,SOP),从多个环节进行百合质量的全过程控制。

Objective:To investigate the current harvest,processing,packaging and storage of Lilii Bulbus due to the great difference in quality of commercially available products,in order to realize the factors affecting the quality after harvest and provide reference for the standardized production.Method:A series of factors affecting Lilii Bulbus quality were analyzed comprehensively on the basis of both field survey in main producing areas and medicinal material markets and literature retrieval.Result:The current situation and problems in harvest,initial processing,drying technologies,packaging,and storage were summarized.Conclusion:The harvest link of Lilii Bulbus involves growing years,harvesting time,and collecting methods.The initial processing link involves stripping,cleaning,sulfur fumigation,and many cooking and drying methods.The hot-air,vacuum-freeze,far-infrared,and microwave methods are applied in drying Lilii Bulbus.The main metamorphic phenomena are brown staining,moth biting,and decay in the packaging and storage links.Lilii Bulbus are packed mainly in bulk,and a few of them are packed in plastic bags or vacuum bags for fresh bulbus.Because the operation process is not standard,the cooking and drying methods are the key factors affecting the quality of Lilli Bulbus.It is necessary to establish a scientific and unified standard operating procedure(SOP)for controlling the whole process of Lilii Bulbus in multiple links.