哈尔滨市传染病院410例手足口病患儿临床分析

Clinical analysis of 410 cases with hand, foot and mouth disease in Harbin Infectious Diseases Hospital

目的了解黑龙江省哈尔滨市手足口病的流行病学特征,为制定健康防治策略提供依据。方法回顾性收集2014至2015年住院治疗的手足口病患者的病案资料,应用SPSS统计软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果 2014至2015年哈尔滨市传染病院共收治住院手足口病(HFMD)患者410例;全省各地均有发病,发病时间在7月份达到高峰,男性多于女性,4岁以下婴幼儿病例占71.71%(χ~2=8.023、P=0.155),散居儿童病例占67.80%(χ~2=3.636、P=0.162);HFMD主表临床表现为皮疹、发热,并累及各系统,可出现呼吸困难、呼吸急促、厌食、头痛、易惊和心率加快等;哈尔滨市HMFD病原谱以EV71为主(占51.01%),多采用利巴韦林或利巴韦林联合干扰素治疗。结论 HFMD发病多为普通型,具有自限性,患儿家长不应过度紧张;同时,社区医疗机构应重点对4岁以下散居儿童家长做好健康教育宣传。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of of hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Harbin of Heilongjiang province, and to provide evidence for health prevention strategies. Methods The hospitalized clinical data of HFMD between 2014-2015 were collected, retrospectively, and were analyzed with SPSS statistical software. Results From 2014 to 2015, total of 410 patients with HFMD in Harbin Infectious Diseases Hospital were collected. The patients were from all regions across Heilongjiang Province. The disease incidence rate reached the peak in July, and occurred more frequently among boys than girls. The infant patients below 4 years old accounted for 71.71%(χ~2 = 8.023, P = 0.155), and the scattered children accounted for 67.80%(χ~2 = 3.636, P = 0.162). The main clinical manifestations of HMFD were rash, fever and involvement of all human body systems, including dyspnea, polypnea, anorexia, headache, convulsion and acceleration of heart rate. The pathogenic spectrum of HFMD in Harbin City was mainly EV71, accounting for 51.01%. Ribavirin or combination of ribavirin and interferon were adopted for treatment. Conclusions HFMD incidence president the ordinary and self-limited, which suggest that parents should not be nervous; at the same time, community medical institutions should focus health eduction on the parents of scattered children under the age of 4.