当理论遭遇文学:文学理论和批评实践的“迷阵”及反思

When Theory Encounters Practice in Literature:The "Aporia" and Reflections on Literary Theory and Practice of Criticism

当理论遭遇文学时,经常陷入"迷阵",我们经常可见滥用理论而损害文学的典型例证。理论实乃双刃剑:既可贬损亦可助益文学。理论工作者需要尊重文学的生命特性。文学理论批评或可分三种:自发的批评;职业的批评;大师的批评。就学脉传承而言,新老代际有别,中文外语背景人士有异,外国文学与文艺美学呈现出学科交叉趋势,促使传统文学研究模式发生重要的范式转向。文学研究者既要加强理论与外语的能力,也要倡导立足文学文本的健康理论观。理论的重要性不言而喻,甚至无理论则无足与言,难以进行高层次学术交流。理论研究需要从缺招、有招到无招,遍识千剑方可弃剑!作为建设性的理论话语,哲性诗学与文化诗学不失为理论遭遇文学时应侧重考虑的两个维度。

When encountering literary practice,theories often fall into the trap of aporia,frequently demonstrated in examples of the former harming the latter.The theory is a double-edged sword that can either be beneficial or harmful to literary practice.Theorists must pay due respect to the uniqueness of literary creation.Literary criticism can be classified into spontaneous criticism,professional criticism and master criticism.With regard to the use of theories,differences can be found between old and new generations and between Chinese and foreign scholars.The trend of cross-disciplinary exchange between studies of foreign literature and literary aesthetics has given birth to an important shift of paradigm in the study of literature.Therefore,literature researchers need to improve their academic and language competence,and to advocate the view that literary theory should be based on literary texts.The importance of theory is self-evident:high-level academic communication cannot be conducted without theory.Theoretical research workers need to know all relevant theories in order to have a good command of them.Philosophical poetics and cultural poetics,as constructive theoretical discourse,should be taken into account as two dimensions when theories are applied to literary practice.