2010—2011年青岛市市售蔬菜农药残留状况分析

Analysis on the residual status of pesticides in commercial vegetables in Qingdao from 2010 to 2011

目的了解青岛市市售蔬菜农药残留状况,发现食品安全隐患,为进一步制定和采取有效预防控制措施提供理论依据。方法于2010—2011年间,在青岛市调查网点抽取蔬菜样品5 228份,依据NY/T 761—2008《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定》对样品进行检测,依据GB 2763—2014《食品中农药最大残留限量》对38种农药进行判定。结果农药残留检出率为24.77%,总不合格率为15.57%;各类蔬菜中以葱蒜类蔬菜农药检出率和不合格率最高,其次为绿菜类蔬菜,各类农药不合格率排序为:拟除虫菊酯类农药>有机磷农药>有机氯农药>氨基甲酸酯类农药,其中主要的不合格农药为氯氰菊酯(3.18%)、百菌清(2.54%)、毒死蜱(2.16%)和克百威(1.80%);混合农药检出率为5.87%,占检出样品的23.71%,不合格率高达4.65%。第四季度蔬菜农药残留检出率和不合格率最高,分别为42.05%和20.62%。结论青岛市市售蔬菜农药残留状况整体良好,但仍存在一些问题,应采取有效措施加强蔬菜的监督管理,确保市民使用蔬菜的安全。

Objective To investigate the pesticide residues in commercial vegetables in Qingdao and find food safety hazards timely,as well as to provide theoretical basis for the government to carry out effective supervison. Methods From 2010 to 2011,5 228 vegetable samples were collected and detected in Qingdao. The samples were evaluated according to the maximum residue limits for pesticides in food( GB 2763-2014). Results The detection rate of all pesticide residues was 24. 77%,and substandard rate was 15. 57%. Of all the vegetables detected,the detection and substandard rate of pesticide in allium vegetables were the highest,then were those of the greens. The rank of detection and substandard rates of all pesticides was as follows: pyrethroid > organophosphorus pesticide > organo-chlorine pesticide >carbamates pesticide. The main substandard pesticides were cypermethrin( 3. 18%), chlorothalonil( 2. 54%),chlorpyrifos( 2. 16%) and carbofuran( 1. 80%). The detection rate of multiple pesticides was 5. 87% and the substandard rate was 4. 65%. The detection and the substandard rate of pesticide in the forth-quarter were highest,42. 05% and 20. 62% respectively. Conclusion On the large sphere,pesticide residue rates in commercial vegetables in Qingdao were up to the standard,but some problems still existing. Thus,in order to ensure the safety of vegetable intake,more effective measures should be taken.