一株高致病力赭绿青霉的生物学特性及杀虫活性

Biological Characteristics and Insecticidal Activity of a High Pathogenic Strain of Penicillium ochrochloron

为明确一株高致病力赭绿青霉Penicillium ochrochloron Q-1的生防潜力,室内测试了不同营养、环境因素及常见杀菌剂、杀虫剂对菌株Q-1的影响,并采用室内毒力测定方法研究菌株Q-1对不同昆虫的毒力。结果表明:菌株Q-1对营养要求较低,最适生长和产孢培养基分别为淀粉琼脂培养基(SYA)和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA),最适生长碳源为麦芽糖,最适产孢碳源为葡萄糖,最适生长和产孢氮源均为蛋白胨,最适生长及产孢温度为28℃,最适p H为6.0,同时菌株Q-1的孢子对紫外线具有一定的耐受力;化学农药中四螨嗪等杀虫剂对菌株Q-1生长影响较小,多菌灵、咪鲜胺等杀菌剂明显抑制菌株Q-1生长;在1×107孢子/m L浓度下,菌株Q-1对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨的LT50分别为4.08、21.37和28.43h。综上,菌株Q-1生长快、产孢量高,对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨致病力高,本研究为赭绿青霉进一步开发利用提供理论依据。

To determine the biocontrol potential of a high pathogenic Penicillium ochrochloron Q-1 strain,the effects of different factors on the hyphal growth,sporulation and spore germination of the Q-1 strain were tested.The tested factors included culture medium,carbon sources,nitrogen sources,temperature,pH,UV irradiation,fungicides and pesticides.Virulence of the Q-1 strain against different pests was also assessed.The results showed that the Q-1 strain had lower nutrient requirements.The optimum growth and sporulation medium were SYA and PDA.The optimum growth and sporulation carbon sources were maltoseand and glucose,respectively.The optimum growth and sporulation nitrogen source was peptone.The optimum growth and sporulation temperature was 28℃,and the optimum pH was 6.0.The spores of the Q-1 strain were resistant to ultraviolet light.Insecticides such as tetrazine ha d little effect on the strain growth,and fungicides such as carbendazim and prochloraz significantly inhibited the strain growth.The results showed that,at1×107 spores/mL,the Q-1 strain had high virulence to Helicoverpa armigera,Bombyx mori and Panonychus citri,and the LT50 were 4.08 h,21.37 h and 28.43 h,respectively.This result pave a basis for the further development and utilization of the P.ochrochloron strain.