大数据视角下城市客源市场空间结构动态研究——以南京市为例

Study on Spatial Structure of Urban Tourist Market from Perspective of Big Data——A Case Study of Nanjing City

空闲时间是影响居民出行的重要因素。以南京市为例,使用南京智慧旅游大数据平台获取数据,研究工作日、周末、3天小长假、"十一"期间来宁游客客源情况,基于集聚性差异、距离衰减、SPSS多元回归和空间吸引力研究不同时段来宁客源市场的空间结构动态变化。结果表明:(1)居民出游行为遵循距离衰减规律,且受到空闲时长的影响,时间越长,地理集中指数、基尼系数、首位度越小,客源吸引半径越大;(2)不同时段,人口、距离、人均GDP不再是最主要因素,而是更多地取决于空闲时长和居民出游意愿;(3)"十一"期间来宁游客量与以省为单位游客量相匹敌,空间阻尼系数β约是工作日期间的1/3,且在不同时段和空间吸引力值表现出不同的空间层次与动态变化。

The leisure time was an important factor influencing the residents’ travel. This paper took Nanjing as an example,and chose the tourists,travelling to Nanjing during the working days,weekends,three-day small holiday or National Day in 2016 as the research object.To analyze the influence of leisure time on the spatial structure of tourists in thirty-three scenic spots in Nanjing,this paper utilized analytical methods,including SCI( spatial concentration index) of tourist origins,AR( attracting radius),Gini Coefficient,First Degree,Distance Decay,SPSS Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed that:(1)The residents’ travelling behavior of our country was affected by the leisure time. The longer leisure time was,the bigger the AR was. However,SCI of tourist origins,the Gini Coefficient and the first degree decreased as the length of leisure time increase.(2)The current residents travel behavior depended more on leisure time,the residents would travel,with the rapid development of traffic and economy,population,distance,per capita GDP,influence on residents travel was a step down.(3)The longer leisure time,the smaller spatial damping coefficient was. βnational day≈1/3βworking days,which meant spatial damping coefficient of Nanjing in National Day was one third of that in working days. During the different periods,the spatial attraction value showed different spatial levels and dynamic changes. On working days or weekends,people preferred to choose a close city as the destination for travel. However,it was common for people to choose a middle distance area as the destination for travel on three-day small holiday. During the National Day,the tourism value of space attraction showed an explosive growth,and a state of'all the people travel'emerged.