环境规制、市场集中与环境效率——来自中国工业行业面板数据的检验

Environmental Regulation,Market Concentration and Environmental Efficiency——Empirical Analysis of Panel Data from China's Industrial Sector

利用超效率SBM模型测算了我国37个工业行业2001—2013年间的环境效率,在此基础上实证分析了市场集中对环境效率的改善效果,进一步检验了环境规制的政策效果。结果显示:市场集中度只有超过一定门槛值才能提高环境效率,且门槛值与污染强度正相关;环境规制对市场集中的促进效果呈边际递减,环境规制和市场集中的交互作用可提高环境效率,该作用在清洁行业更明显。这意味着以提高环境效率为主,一方面应以市场竞争为基础导向,淘汰污染排放严重、技术水平落后的企业,提高市场集中度;另一方面应以污染程度为依据,制定合理的环境规制政策和产业政策,对高污染产业采取更加严苛的环境规制手段,加大对清洁行业和高技术行业的产业政策倾斜力度。

Based on the super efficiency SBM model,the environmental efficiency of China’s 37 industries in 2001-2013 years were calculated in this paper.Then,further the policy effect of environmental regulation was tested through empirical analysis of the improvement effect of market concentration on environmental efficiency.The results showed that only when the market concentration rate exceeded a certain threshold could environmental efficiency be improved,and the threshold was positively correlated with the intensity of pollution,the promotion effect of environmental regulation on market concentration decreased marginally.The interaction between environmental regulation and market concentration could improve environmental efficiency,which was more obvious in the clean industry.In order to improve environmental efficiency,on the one hand,policy makers should weed out producers with serious pollution emissions and backward technological,improve the concentration of industrial market base on market orientation.On the other hand,they should formulate reasonable environmental regulation policies and industrial policies based on the degree of pollution,adopt more stringent environmental regulation measures for high-polluting industries,and increase the inclination of industrial policies for clean industries and high-tech industries.