土地增值收益分配公平群体共识及其增进路径

Group Consensus and Its Approaches to Fairness of Land Incremental Revenue Distribution

研究目的:构建一种调查分析失地农民、政府官员、在耕农民、城市居民、高校学者等相关群体关于土地增值收益分配公平共识状况的方法,为征地问题研究和制度改革提供参考。研究方法:问卷调查、指数分析、比较分析。研究结果:(1)关于土地增值收益分配公平的群体共识与分歧并存,被调查对象总体上处于弱共识水平;(2)关于土地增值收益权利公平、机会公平的群体间共识度高于规则公平、结果公平;(3)失地农民、在耕农民、城市居民、专家学者、行政官员的群体内共识度依次递减,分别为0.66、0.63、0.59、0.57、0.50;(4)对于是否按照农民意愿进行补偿、是否允许在耕农民分享收益、开发区用地是否属于公共利益等,存在严重的社会分歧。研究结论:应通过社会价值观念引领,制度环境改革完善和建立利益协调沟通机制等增进土地增值收益分配公平群体共识,为改革提供有利的社会基础。

The purpose of the study is to construct a method that could be applied in investigating and analyzing the condition and improvement approaches of consensus about fairness of land incremental revenue distribution among relevant policy groups, including land-loss peasants, government officials, on-farm peasants, urban residents and scholars, which probably provide some references for land acquisition study and reform. The research methods employed include questionnaire survey, index analysis and comparative analysis. The result indicates that: 1)both consensus and divergence about fairness of land incremental revenue distribution exist among the surveyed groups and it’s ascribed to the weak consensus level. 2)The consensus degree about rights and opportunities fairness of land incremental revenue distribution is higher than rules and results fairness. 3)The consensus degree among land-loss peasants, on-farm peasants, urban residents, scholars and government officials decreases successively, which are respectively 0.66, 0.63,0.59, 0.57 and 0.50. 4)There are serious social divergences about issues including whether compensation should be decided according to the peasant’s willingness, whether on-farm peasants should share the land incremental revenue,and whether land for industrial park development should be involved in public interest category. In conclusion, the group consensus about fairness of land incremental revenue distribution should be promoted through the guidance of social concept and core value, reform and refinement of institutional environment, and establishment of mechanism for interest coordination and communication.