3Malcolm Bradbury,"Writing Fiction in the 90s," in Kristiaan Versluys ed.,Neo-Realism in Contemporary American Fiction,Netherlands:Rodopi,1992,p.14.
4余华.《我能够对现实发言了》,载《南方周末》,2005年9月8日.
5George J.Searles,The Fiction of Philip Roth and John Updike,Carbondale and Edwardsville:Southern Illinois University Press,1985,p.19.
6Lyons Bonnie,"Philip Roth's American Tragedies," in Jay Halio ed.,Turning Up the Flame,Newark:University of Delaware Press,2006,p.125.
7杨岂深等编.《美国文学选读》,上海译文出版社,2001年,第447页.
8Abrams, M. H. ed. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.
9Barth, John. "The Literature of Exhaustion. " The Novel Today: Contemporary Writers on Modern Fiction. Ed. Malcohn Bradbury. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1977. 70-83.
10Barthes, Roland. S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Hill and Wang, 1974.
