吐蕃統治下的敦煌與藏漢雙語社區的形成

Tibetan Dominion over Dunhuang and the Formation of a Tibeto-Chinese Communtiy

衆所周知,786年,歷經數載圍城、兵盡矢絶的敦煌,終於爲吐蕃所陷。直至848年,沙州土豪張議潮起義成功收復故土,吐蕃的統治方才終結。在這一時期,吐蕃的統治不可避免地對敦煌漢族居民的社會生活産生了影響。這是敦煌居民第一次與藏語及藏文有如此密切的接觸,此前,他們或許有機會聽到藏語,却不會過多留意。

The Tibetan dominion over Dunhuang(786—848)had an inevitable influence on the social life of the Chinese inhabitants.The manuscripts,both Chinese texts written in Tibetan script and Tibetan texts recognized as being for use by Chinese people,indicate the existence of a'Tibeto-Chinese community'in Dunhuang.This assertion can be supported by those Chinese poems,teaching materials and Buddhist texts etc.transcribed in Tibetan script,also by those association(she)documents and texts of Chinese Five Surnames theory written in Tibetan.This article puts in focus on when and how this'Tibeto-Chinese community'was formed,and how long it had lasted.The Tibeto-Chinese community remained in existence even as far as the Guiyijun period(from 848 until the beginning of the eleventh century),which can be observed through two time-varying systems of Tibetan transcriptions of Chinese characters(one is the dialect of Chang’an and the other is the local dialect of Dunhuang,a variant of the North-Western dialect of Chinese).As a supplementary material to reinforce this argument,the author also presents a Chinese text written in Tibetan(yuan xinlang願新郎'prayer for the groom',a text to be recited for a wedding ceremony)which can be dated to the Guiyijun period.