转型中国社会资本的类型及其生成条件与机制

The Categories of Social Capital and Its Growing Conditions and Mechanism in China’s Transforming

社会资本如同物质 (经济 )资本和人力资本一样在总体上是一个中性概念 ,当它处于不同层面利用于不同主体时会显现出它的积极性和消极性来。对于转型中国来说 ,社会资本的生成条件和机制有其特殊性一面 :政治上“体制洞”的存在 ,市场因子的渗透 ,“单位制”、“身份制”的相对弱化和伴之而来的“社区制”、“契约制”的进一步发育 ,经济和文化上的“多元化”态势 ,以及民族内部传统信任和互惠机制等等都催生了传统性社会资本和现代性社会资本的繁荣和兴盛。它们对中国社会的稳定与发展起着或积极促进或消极阻碍的作用 ,所以需因势利导 ,努力化消极因素为积极因素 。

Social capital, like physical capital and intellectual capital, to be a neuter noun in general, only showing its posit iveness and negativeness when it being on different levels and being acted on di fferent subjects; This paper emphatically probes into social capital growing me chanism in the period of social transition of China. Social capital categories a nd functions are diverse, thus their separately growing mechanism vary .Traditio nal trust and reciprocity mechanism exist in our nation that have promoted tradi tional social capital and modern social capital to boom, but the former looks li ke more thriving. They are taking positive or negative effects on our state's st ability and development. So we should adroitly guide our action according to sit uations, and try hard to turn negative factors into positive ones. It is necessa ry to hold back social capital negativity and take some of basic measures to con struct Chinese-characteristic modern social capital.