释放异色瓢虫对北京温室甜椒和圆茄上桃蚜的控害效果

Efficacy of multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis( Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) against green peach aphid Myzus persicae( Hemiptera: Aphididae) on vegetables under greenhouse conditions

为评价异色瓢虫在温室条件下对桃蚜的控害能力及效益,在甜椒和圆茄生产温室中以生物农药防治为对照,开展释放异色瓢虫控制桃蚜的示范试验,分析天敌害虫的种群动态变化,并计算防治成本。结果显示:异色瓢虫能够持续控制甜椒温室中桃蚜种群密度,其定殖率在蚜虫暴发高峰期时最高,为64%;且甜椒产量及经济效益高于生物农药防治。在圆茄温室中,前期释放的异色瓢虫使桃蚜高峰延缓1周出现;在增加瓢虫释放量后,1周内桃蚜种群密度下降了79%,且瓢虫定殖率达到86%,控害效果较好。表明通过生产期全程监测天敌-害虫的种群动态,在植株定植15 d后每周确定益害比,通过2~3个月持续释放异色瓢虫,可有效、持续控制整个生产期桃蚜为害。

In order to evaluate the control ability and benefit of multicolored Asian beetle,Harmonia axyridis against green peach aphid,Myzus persicae,H. axyridis was released to control M. persicae in pimiento and eggplant greenhouses and biological insecticide was also applied as a control. The results showed that H. axyridis could suppress population density of M. persicae in the pimiento greenhouse. The colonization rate of H. axyridis was 64% at the peak of M. persicae population. In addition,the yield of pimiento and benefits by releasing H. axyridis were higher than those by applying biological insecticides.In eggplant greenhouses,releasing H. axyridis delayed the peak of aphids by one week. The population density of M. persicae was declined by 79% and the colonization rate of H. axyridis reached 86% when the number of released H. axyridis was increased. These results indicated that monitoring the population dynamics of natural enemies and pests in the entire stage could definitely facilitated the ratio of natural enemy and pest per week 15 days after planting. Releasing H. axyridis in the early two to three months could be cost-effective and sustainable in controlling M. persicae in vegetable greenhouses.