湖北省设施番茄灰霉病发生规律及流行因子分析

Occurrence of tomato grey mould disease in greenhouse in Hubei Province and correlations with epidemic factors

为探索湖北省设施番茄灰霉病的发生规律,揭示不同流行因子与番茄灰霉病发生的关系。于2013-2016年在湖北省武穴市吴谷英村番茄种植基地选取代表性番茄大棚进行调查和取样检测,结果表明:湖北省设施番茄叶片和花朵带菌率变化起伏较大,带菌率分别为0～90.0%和0～100.0%;叶片带菌率在3月下旬到4月中下旬和5月中下旬是高峰期;花朵带菌率在4月中旬和5月中下旬达到高峰期,总体上花朵带菌率较高。番茄不同组织灰霉病的发病时间不同,叶片首先开始发病,花、果实、茎秆再逐渐发病,花朵和果实的发病率相对较高,叶片和茎秆发病率较低;花朵和果实发病率均在5月中旬至6月初达到最大值,茎秆发病率于5月下旬至6月上旬达到最高值,叶片无明显发病高峰期。果实、叶片、花朵和茎秆的发病率分别为0～42.0%、0～24.7%、0～100.0%和0～32.0%。番茄叶片发病率、花朵发病率、茎秆发病率和相对湿度均与果实发病率呈显著相关;通过预测模型检验表明相对湿度和叶片发病率所建模型预测值和实际值符合程度较好。在湖北省设施番茄大棚中,叶片发病率、花朵发病率、茎秆发病率和相对湿度对番茄果实发病影响最为显著,在防治过程中应及时摘除发病组织,调控棚内环境条件,预防灰霉病发生。

To explore occurrence of Botrytis cinerea on tomato plants grown in greenhouse in Hubei Province and analyze the relationship between different factors and prevalence of tomato grey mould, two representative tomato greenhouses from Wu Guying Village, Wuxue City, Hubei Province were investigated from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that the infestation rates of leaves and flowers were ranged from 0 to 90.0% and from 0 to 100.0% in tomato greenhouses, respectively. The peak of leaf infestation appeared from late March to mid-late April and in mid-late May, while the peak of flower infestation appeared in mid-April and mid-late May. The infestation rate of flowers was much higher. The occurrence time of tomato grey mould in different tissues was different. Diseased leaves were first observed, and then diseased flowers, fruits and stems gradually were found. The incidence of flowers and fruits was relatively higher than that of leaves and stems. The incidence of flowers was first found in mid-late May and reached the maximum in early June. The peak of disease incidence of fruits was observed in early May. The disease incidence of leaves and stems showed similar profiles. The disease rates of fruits, leaves, flowers and stems were 0-42.0%, 0-24.7%, 0-100.0% and 0-32.0%, respectively. The incidences of tomato leaves, flowers and stems as well as the relative humidity were significantly correlated with the incidence of fruit. Model test showed that the predicted value established based on the relative humidity and the incidence of leaf were consistent with the actual value. In tomato greenhouses in Hubei Province, fruit disease incidence was affected significantly by disease incidences of leaves, flowers, stems and relative humidity, therefore, timely removal of diseased tissues and regulation of greenhouse environmental conditions would be useful to control tomato grey mould.