红花苗前除草剂筛选及安全性评价

Screening and safety evaluation of herbicides used before seedling in Carthamus tinctorius field

本研究通过室内外试验评估了12种苗前除草剂对红花的安全性和除草效果。盆栽试验表明,50%乙草胺EC有效剂量675～1 350 g/hm^2,33%二甲戊灵EC 495～990 g/hm^2,960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 675～1 350 g/hm^2,24%乙氧氟草醚EC 60～180 g/hm^2,30%吡氟酰草胺SC 54～162 g/hm^2,250 g/L噁草酮EC 270～540 g/hm^2,50%丙炔氟草胺WP 45～90 g/hm^2,对红花生长抑制相对较小,鲜重抑制率基本上低于20%。田间对上述除草剂及其混用的安全性进行了测定,结果表明,960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 900 g/hm^2+250 g/L噁草酮EC 450 g/hm^2对红花生长抑制较小,与对照差异不显著,其他除草剂单独使用或混配使用对红花苗前期生长均有一定的抑制作用,但对叶色、株型等无明显影响,整体药害程度较轻。调查表明,除草剂混配使用较除草剂单用对杂草控制作用更好。

Twelve herbicides before seedling were evaluated for their safety and effect to safflower(Carthamus tinctorius)in laboratory and field.Pot trial showed that acetochlor 50%EC 675-1 350 g/hm^2,pendimethalin 33%EC 495-990 g/hm^2,S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC 675-1 350 g/hm^2,oxyfluorfen 24%EC 60-180 g/hm^2,diflufenican 30%SC 54-162 g/hm^2,oxadiazon 250 g/L EC 270-540 g/hm^2 and flumioxazin 50%WP 45-90 g/hm^2 had low inhibition activity on safflower growth,with the inhibitory rate of safflower’s fresh weight of no more than 20%.Field experiments showed that S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC 900 g/hm^2mixed with oxadiazon 250 g/L EC 450 g/hm^2were safe to safflower,and there were no significant difference for their leaf number and fresh weight compared with the control.The other treatments could inhibit the growth of safflower with no significant difference in the color of leaves and plant type,indicating that the overall degree of phytotoxicity was low and receivable.Herbicide mixture is better than herbicide alone for weed control.