禾谷类作物纹枯病研究Ⅰ:水稻、玉米、小麦纹枯病和棉花立枯病四者之间的关系

SHEATH BLIGHT OF CEREAL CROPS I:ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SHEATH BLIGHT OF RICE,MAIZE AND WHEAT AS WELL AS SORESHIN OF COTTON

为澄清水稻、玉米、小麦纹枯病和棉花立枯病之间的关系,1980～1982年以水稻、玉米、小麦纹枯病为对象,以能代表Rhizoctonia solani Kühn的棉花立枯病为对照,从病菌无性时期的形态、培养性状、生长发育温度范围和交互接种等方面进行了比较研究。水稻纹枯病菌和玉米纹枯病菌在各方面表现均基本一致,应视为同种;小麦纹枯病菌和棉花立枯病菌之间,以及它们和前二者之间,在各方面均有明显不同之处并呈现种间的差异。初步认为水稻、玉米和小麦纹枯病菌是Rhizoctonia中的另外两个种。4种病菌都能侵染水稻、玉米和小麦,小麦纹枯病菌不能侵染棉花,水稻和玉米纹枯病菌对棉花亦未表现明显的致病性。鉴于Rhizoctonia属的菌丝细胞随菌龄和分枝的增加而渐变粗、短,为求标准统一,建议测菌丝细胞长、宽时以定型的部位,即初生菌丝的主枝和组成菌核的细胞为准。

A comparison in morphological differences of the mycelia,the sclero-tial stage and other properties of the four sclerotial fungi causing sheathblight of rice,maize,wheat and sorshin of cotton was made in South-western Agriculture College,Chongqing during 1980 to 1982.The re-sults indicated that the sclerotial fungi causing sheath blight of rice,maizeand wheat were different from the typical Rhizoctonia solani Kühn ofcotton in morphology and other properties.It is considered that thefungus causing rice sheath blight is very similar to that causing maizesheath blight and evidently belongs to the same species and that thefungus causing wheat sheath blight is shown to differ from those oncotton,rice and maize and seems to belong to another species.Tables ofdata for comparison in the morphology and other properties of the abovefour fungi are given.All of the four fungi could infect rice,maize and wheat,however thefungus of wheat could not infect cotton.Both the fungi from rice andmaize had no evident virulence to cotton.