数据可视化报道在数据新闻中的实践——以《卫报》和财新网为例

The Practice of Data Visualization Report in the Practice of Data Journalism:The cases of the Guardian and Caixin

数据可视化报道是利用数据可视化的理论、方法和技术生产的数据新闻,具有直观的视觉体验、较高的技术要求和较强的吸引力等特点。聚焦于数据可视化报道在中外新闻媒体的具体实践,本文以《卫报》'datablog'栏目、财新网'数据说'栏目的数据可视化报道为例,对数据来源、选题分类和呈现方式三个方面进行对比分析。研究发现,相对于《卫报》,财新网采用的数据来源种类较少,且较局限于政府、媒体、自行抓取三个方面;就选题而言,《卫报》的选题类别更加丰富,在地域关注上更聚焦于英国国外,相较财新网而言对一般性选题操作更多;在呈现方式方面,财新网的交互式信息图的占比更高,但图文配合技能上略逊《卫报》一筹。不可否认的是,财新网的数据可视化报道在内容上、形式上、设计上都正在向世界最前沿水平靠拢。这些研究发现可以帮助我们更好地理解数据新闻实践所面临的新的机遇和挑战。

As a form of data journalism, data visualization report is created using the theory, method and technology of data visualization. It is characterized by the direct visual experience, the high technology demand, and the strong attrativeness. Focusing on the concrete process of data visualization report in practice, this research analyzes the data visualization reports produced by the 'datablog' column of The Guardian and the 'data news' column of Caixin.com, and compares them in three aspects : data source, issues, and styles of presentation.The findings reveal that compared to the Guardian, Caixin has fewer types of data sources which is limited to the three kinds, including government, previous reports, and the data collected by themselves. In the aspect of topic selection,the Guardian is more abundant and focuses more on the foreign countries and the common topics rather than hot topics. For the styles of presentation, Caixin has a larger proportion of interactive infographics, but it is not good at coordinating the graphics and text. It is undeniable that the data visualization report of Caixin is catching up The Guardian in the aspects of content, form, and design. These findings help us better understand the new challenges and opportunities of data journalism in practice.