唐代庶族子弟科举及第者仕宦空间研究

Study on the Space of Officials in the Tang Dynasty

科举制度的设置,本是国家政权与士族地主的一种博弈。唐朝建立以后,采取了沿用隋时确立的科举制度并加以完善、发展的策略。随着科举制的发展,门荫入仕开始式微,科举入仕逐步取代其他方式成为唐代高级官吏的主要来源。庶族子弟这种社会中下阶层产生的知识分子在国家考试中中举及第后仕宦空间,以安史之乱为划分,唐代前期时,李唐政府的科举制度虽然打破了士族掌握人事权的局面,但是作用不大,庶族入仕仍然具有难度,及第后仕宦空间也存在界限。唐朝中后期,科举制遭到士族的异化和操控,庶族子弟的入仕和发展更为艰难。唐末五代时,唐朝士族对科举制度仍是抵制和操纵的态度,科举制与官员的晋升都异化成了为其群体服务的工具,但此时混乱的时代下,庶族子弟实现抱负已不再只有科举这一出路。

The establishment of an imperial examination system was a game between the state power and gentry landlords.After the Tang dynasty was established,it perfected and developed the imperial examination system established in the Sui dynasty.With the development of imperial examination system,Menyin’s engagement in politics started to decline and the imperial examination system gradually replaced others ways to become the main source of senior officials in the Tang dynasty.Taking time as coordinates,the space of common landlord class to be an official under the changing imperial examination system is teased in this article from a macro perspective based on the observing analysis about the space for ordinary juniors,the intellectuals emerged from the lower and middle classes of society,to be officials after they were approved in the state examination,by using sociological and statistical analysis in combination with the game interaction between ordinary and noble classes,in order to grasp the developmental context of Chinese history,and clarify the mobility mechanism of social stratum.Its purpose is to grasp the impact of examination system presided over by the state on social mobility in the Tang dynasty under the influence of vested interests from a macro perspective,and then provide an analytical approach to history for the hot issues in today’s society.