现当代文学研究的知识社会学视野与互文性方法——以土改叙事研究为例

The Perspective of Sociology of Knowledge and the Intertextual Approach in Modern and Contemporary Literary Study:On the Narrative of Land Reform

知识社会学为中国现当代文学研究提供了新视野,互文性研究方法是将知识社会学用于文学研究的可操作方法。按知识社会学观点,"无产阶级意识形态"其实也是特定视角的产物,也会受到特定社会状况制约,因而具有一切意识形态所共有的意识形态性。同时,亦不能否认其他意识形态就其自身视角和社会状况而言的合理性、真理性。体现无产阶级意识形态的作品遵循一种区别于日常伦理的暴力革命伦理。就土改叙事而言,周立波的《暴风骤雨》是革命伦理的直接体现,《太阳照在桑干河上》及《翻身记事》是不同伦理纠结交融的产物,而《赤地之恋》及"新历史小说"的土改叙事则是对革命伦理的质疑和颠覆。它们都受作者写作时社会境况和个人境况影响,体现一种特定视角。知识社会学对文学研究的启示是:应尊重历史、正视现实,重视视角转换与综合,不宜以单一视角将文学史写成简单的"进化"吏。

The sociology of knowledge provides a new perspective for modern and contemporary literary research in China,and intertextuality is an operational approach that applies this perspective in literary research.According to it,the 'proletariat ideology' is also the product of a particular point of view and is restricted by given social conditions,therefore shares the features of all ideologies.Meanwhile,the reasonableness and truthfulness of other ideologies are also undeniable from their own perspectives and under their own social conditions.The literary work representing proletariat ideology follows a violent revolutionary ethics different from the morality of daily life.As for the narratives of land reform,Zhou Libo's Rainstorms(Baofeng zhouyu) can be seen as a direct demonstration of revolutionary ethics,the Sun Shines on the Sanggan River and Fanshen(Fanshen jishi) are products of the combination of different ethics.On the contrary,the narratives of land reform in the 'new historical fictions' and Naked Earth(Chidi zhilian) represent the questioning and even denial of revolutionary ethics.All of these literary works present their own specific perspectives and are influenced by the given social and personal conditions of the authors.Inspirations that literary research can get from sociology of knowledge are:historical truth should be respected,reality should be recognized,and the integration and transformation of perspectives should be given more attention;the history of literature should not be written from a single perspective to become a linear history.