文学话语类型学研究论纲

An Outline on the Typology of Literary Discourses

文学话语研究要以对"文学话语"概念的把握为根基,而文学话语概念的把握又以对当代话语理论的理解和借鉴为前提。文学话语是文学交际活动的所有参与者之间进行思想交流和发生相互影响的一种特殊的对话方式和施为方式。当前文学话语研究的突破在于文学话语类型学研究的建构。类型学的方法是人类基本的具有普遍意义的认识世界的方法,几乎所有学科的研究都会自觉不自觉地运用这一方法。类型学方法的逻辑行程是通过"识同辨异"和根据所选取的参项进行分类。"识同"导向"向上的抽象化"的归类,"辨异"导向"向下的具体化"的划类。所选的分类参项相关度越高、覆盖面越广,类型学方法就越有效力。文学话语的类型学研究要在两个逻辑等级(属和种)上次第展开,要构筑有多个内在联系的分类参项网络,要建立一个与分类对象相适应的分类体系。文学话语类型学研究的内容分为四个部分,即语用类型、形态类型、"施为"类型、文体类型的研究。

The study of literary discourses should be based on the understanding of the concepts of 'literary discourse, 'which is premised upon the understanding of contemporary discourse theory.Literary discourse is a special form of communication as well as a platform for the exchange of ideas among all the participants'literary activity.The breakthrough of current literary discourse studies is related to the constitution of typology of literary discourse.Typology is the basic,universal method by which human beings come to know the world.This method has also been applied to almost all the academic disciplines—either purposefully or unconsciously.Its logical progression could be defined as 'identifying similarities and distinguishing differences' and the selected parameters. 'Identifying similarities 'is to classify 'the abstraction of the upward' while 'distinguishing differences 'is to classify 'the specification of the downward.' If the classification of the selected parameters can achieve a broader scope and a higher degree,the typological method becomes more effective.The typology of literary discourse must progress on two logical levels—genre and type—to establish a network in which classified parameters are interconnected.At the same time a classification system must be built that is adapted to classified objects.In short,the content of the study has four parts:pragmatic type,morphotype,performative type and text style.