文学理论与文学批评之关系的后现代转折——从韦勒克、沃伦的《文学理论》到卡勒的《文学理论》

The Postmodern Turn in the Relationship between Literary Theory and Literary Criticism:From Wellek and Warren's Theory of Literature to Culler's Literary Theory

从韦勒克、沃伦的《文学理论》到乔纳森·卡勒的《文学理论》,出现了文学理论趋从于文学批评、文学理论批评化的后现代倾向,突出了文学研究的实践性、功能性和当下性。韦勒克、沃伦的《文学理论》强调文学理论与文学批评各自的差异性和特异性,而卡勒《文学理论》则以"理论"反过来整合文学理论,将文学理论的贡献隐含于"理论"之中。卡勒概括了"理论"的四个特点,其中每一条都与批评形态的重建密切相关。这一变化造成了这两部《文学理论》对文学作品重视程度的悬殊、解释模式的转变和阅读方法的差异,从而昭示了文学理论与文学批评之关系的后现代转折。

A postmodern tendency about the subjugation of literary theory to literary criticism can be found by comparing Wellek and Warren's work to that of Culler's,which accentuates the practicality,function and contemporaneity of literary research.Wellek and Warren emphasized the difference and specificity of literary theory and criticism respectively,while Culler used 'theory'to integrate literary theories.The contribution of literary theory is understood in the general concept of 'theory.'Culler summarized four features of 'theory'and each of them is closely related to the reconstruction of criticism.This change has determined their emphasis of literary works,transformation of interpretation pattern,and the difference in reading methods,which has signaled a postmodern transition in the relationship between literary theory and criticism.