植物叶绿体蛋白质周转的研究进展及潜在应用

Recent advances in chloroplast protein turnover and potential applications

叶绿体的正常周转是维持胁迫条件下植物光合作用和代谢反应高效进行的必要条件。对叶绿体维持平衡的生理和分子机制的理解是控制植物叶绿体质量的基础,这涉及两个重要的生理过程:叶绿体蛋白质的导入和降解。叶绿体蛋白质的有序导入和受损伤叶绿体及其组分的及时降解在调节植物环境适应性中起着关键作用。本文首先综述了叶绿体蛋白质的导入机制,随后介绍了叶绿体蛋白质的多种降解途径,并对通过调控叶绿体质量提高作物环境适应性的策略进行了概述和展望。

The normal chloroplast turnover is necessary for keeping efficient operation of photosynthesis and metabolic reactions under stress condition.The understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the maintenance of chloroplasts homeostasis is the basis for controlling chloroplast quality in plants,which involves two important physiological processes:the import and degradation of chloroplast proteins.The orderly import of chloroplast proteins and the timely degradation of damaged chloroplast and its components play a key role in the regulation of plant environmental acclimation.This paper firstly reviews the mechanism of chloroplast proteins import,then,multiple degradation pathways of chloroplast proteins were introduced and,finally,the strategies for improving environmental adaptability of crops through chloroplast quality control were summarized and prospected.