大麦花粉愈伤组织形成中的花药因子

ANTHER FACTOR(S) IN BARLEY ANTHER CULTURE

在大麦(Hordeum vulgare,cv.Sabarlis)的花药培养中,通过使用预先已培养过花药的条件培养基,明显促进花粉愈伤组织的形成,表明由花药释放出某些对花粉雄核发育重要的物质(花药因子或条件因子)。本试验系统研究了花药本身对小孢子形成多细胞结构,进而形成愈伤组织的影响,以及影响花药因子形成和作用的因素。细胞学观祭说明花药因子明显增加进行雄核发育的花粉的比例以及促进多细胞花粉的形成。本试验结果可能对改善其他禾谷类作物花药培养的效率也具有意义。

The effects of anther tissues were studied systematically on microspores forming multicellular units and furthermore on pollen callus formation in the anther culture of Hordeum vulgare(cv.Sabarlis).Anther productivity was found to be greatly enhanced by use of medium previously conditioned by anthers.In 15 experiments observed,anthers pro- duced 26 times on average more calli in the conditioned medium than in control,in a few cases,even more than 80 times more calli formed.According to this,the authors supposed that cultured anthers released some components,anther factor(s)(AF),which is important to androgenesis in the culture.To achieve high yields of callus,culture was restricted to an- thers which had been subpected to cold pretreatment.The temperature stress could not be replaced by the AF.However,for conditioning medium,anthers at binuclear stage were found to be more effective than the test anthers either with or without the pretreatment. Anthers from other 8 barley varieties were also effective for conditioning,as the difference of anther productivity still existed in the culture with conditioned medium between various genotypes tested.Anther response and callus yield were increased in both the culture of an- thers at mid and late-uninuclear stage by use of conditioned medium. AF interacted synergistically with m-inositol.Cytological observation showed that AF increased apparently the formation of MPGs,while m-inositol mainly stimulated callus for- mation from MPGs.To some extent,the effect of exogenous hormone(s)could be replaced by AF.The anther response and pollen callus yield could be much enhanced by increa- sing anther inoculation density,which also raised the AF level in the culture. Thus,by use of the temperature stress prior to anther culture and culture of test an- thers in conditioned medium with m-inositol,or at higher inoculation density,a very high production of pollen callus could be obtained in barley anther culture.For meeting the more specialized requirements of less responsive species or genopypes,the principles given here may be provide some basic information.