玉米杂种及其亲本胚胎发育过程中形态及ATP酶活性的比较研究

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY AND ATPase ACTIVITIES OF MAIZE HYBRID AND ITS PARENTS DURING EARLY EMBRYOGENY

对玉米328单交种及其亲本(♀维8322(?)、(?)黄小162(?))的胚胎发育过程进行组织切片的观察表明,玉米胚胎发育过程可分为三个时期:授粉后1-7天为原胚期;9-20天为胚组织器官剧烈分化期;25-45天为胚组织器官系统进一步分化完善伸长期。杂种胚的体积在第二时期介于双亲之间,其余二个时期均大于双亲。杂种胚胎始终表现出细胞数较多,较密集,染色深、分化清晰且胚组织器官分化的持续时间也较长。从ATP酶活性看出、杂交授粉后1-2天杂种子房中ATP酶活性明显的高于双亲,授粉后第三天,杂种子房中ATP酶活性一度下降,随后又上升。授粉后15-45天杂种胚中(不包括胚乳)ATP酶活性均高于双亲。328杂种在植株高度、穗长、每穗粒数,千粒重,籽粒产量均优于双亲。表明,杂种与亲本在胚胎发育过程中细胞分化能力、ATP酶活性与植株性状之间存在着密切的相关和互补。

We dbserved tissue sections of single hybrid of maize 328 and its parents during early embryogeny, determining ATP ase activities and observing plant features. The results obtained show that maize embryogeny can be divided into three periods, that is, 1) The period of 3-7 days after pollination is known as an original embryonic period. 2) The period of 9-20 days after pollination is known as the period of undergoing rapid differentiation of all the tissue organs. 3) The period of 25-45 days is known as the period of further differentiation, perfection and elongation of organal system. The size of volume of hybrid embryo is between its parents during the second period. That of the hybrid embryo during other two periods is larger than that of its parents. Hybrid embryo always shows that the number of its cells is more, its cells are closer together, the colour of the stained cells is darker, the cells differentiate clearly, the time that embryonic organs differentiates lasts longer. The results of determinig ATP ase activities it may be seen that during 1-2 days after pollination ATP ase activities in hybrid ovaries are obviously higher than in its parents’ ovaries. On the third day after pollination ATP ase activities in hybrid ovaries once go down. After that ATP ase activities go up again. During 15-45 days ATP ase activities in hybrid embryo (unincloding endosperm) are all higher than those in its parents. Hybrid 328 has advantage over its parents in yielding capacity, plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight. The results show close correlation and supplement among cell differentiation ability, ATP ase activities and plant features.