从出土的《清华简·祭公之顾命》来看清人对《逸周书·祭公》篇的校注

Re-examining Qing Dynasty Scholars'Proofreading and Annotation of Yi Zhou Shu Zhai Gong on the Basis of the Unearthed Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Zhai Gong Zhi Guming

传世的《逸周书》历来不受重视,直到西晋时才有孔晁为之注,至唐宋时篇章散佚,甚者有误以为其源自汲冢周书者。到了清代时赖卢文弨、王念孙、朱右曾等人之力,比校诸本,刊定文句,广为注译,后人才得以竟读。只不过清人在校勘诸本异文并加以译注的同时,常需加以裁断并改定文句,所凭借者不外是古书中曾出现的句子,以及校注者对篇文内容的理解等,然因学者间各持之有理,也造成了传世《逸周书》版本文字或译注诸说并陈,莫衷一是的情形。而今日赖有出土文本,可让我们重新来审视清人对其书的校注之功。因此本文以《清华简·祭公之顾命》为本,先对学者间针对简文所提出的说法加以裁择,辅证之以相关铜器铭文,并予以通释串讲;接着以出土本和传本的文字做对比,进而分析传世本《祭公》文字的正误,及清人校改注译《祭公》的得失。

There have been multiple textual versions of Yi Zhou Shuin the process of circulating the text,and none could be deemed as authoritative.Drawing on the unearthed Tsinghua bamboo slips Zhai Gong Zhi Guming,this article uses new materials and new methods to re-evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Qing Dynasty scholars'proofreading and annotation of Yi Zhou Shu Zhai Gong and identifies four main types of textual errors in the received versions of Zhai Gong,namely,erroneousness,inadvertent insertion,omission and transposition.