作物花粉高温应答机制研究进展

Advances in the Regulatory Mechanisms of Pollen Response to Heat Stress in Crops

随着全球气候变暖加剧,农作物面临更加严峻的高温威胁。高温胁迫影响作物生长发育各个阶段,其中花粉发育过程对高温胁迫最为敏感,因此花粉高温应答机制成为当前植物学研究热点。研究表明,花粉可以通过质膜上的钙离子通道、内质网中的未折叠蛋白反应、活性氧积累以及H2A.Z等机制感知高温胁迫,并通过调控热激蛋白表达、糖代谢、激素水平及活性氧清除能力适应高温胁迫。该文从高温对花粉发育的影响、花粉高温胁迫应答机制以及花粉高温胁迫研究的实验设计等方面进行综述,旨在为相关研究提供借鉴。

As a consequence of global warming, crops face more acute and more frequent high-temperature stress. Heat threatens the whole plant development, especially pollen development, which seems to be the most sensitive process in the plant life cycle. Hence, the mechanism underlying the pollen response to heat stress has become a hot topic in the field of plant biology. Recent studies have revealed that pollen has at least 4 ways to perceive the heat stress signal: calcium channels, unfolded protein response, reactive oxygen species and H2 A.Z. Pollen responds to heat stress by regulating heat shock protein expression, glycol-metabolism and phytohormone level and enhancing reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity. In this review, we summarize pollen development defects under heat stress, the mechanism of pollen thermotolerance and discuss how to design the experiments to study pollen thermotolerance. The overview provides guidelines for the pollen heat response mechanism in crops.