抒情诗中抒情主体的时空存在

The Existence of Speaking Instance of Lyric Poetry in Time and Space

有学者认为,抒情诗与叙事作品的一个重要区别在于,抒情诗往往不将其抒情人置于特别的时间或空间中,因而,自我在时间与空间中的存在位置是缺失的,而这在叙事作品中是必定存在的。这一看法难于成立,不仅过于绝对,也与古今中外众多抒情诗歌的实践不相吻合。尽管与叙事作品的叙述者或人物在时间与空间中的展现相比,抒情诗中的抒情主体或人物不像在前者中表现得那样明显,尤其是在那些表现一般性主题的抒情诗中。然而,在大量的抒情诗、尤其是自身故事的抒情人表现的抒情诗中,抒情主体透过情感的抒发,将自己置于特定的时间与空间中,抒情人或人物自我也可存在于特定的时间与空间中。这一状况可从对抒情文本的具体分析中明显地看到,理解这一状况对于理解抒情诗及其抒情主人公很有帮助。

Some scholars think that one important distinction between lyric and narrative is that poems frequently do not situate their speaker in a particular time and space,so that the existential location of the ego in time and space which is typical of narrative is missing. This view is problematic and is not identical with the situation of Chinese and foreign lyric texts. Comparing with narrator or character in narrative in time and space,speaking instance or character in lyric are not as obvious as those in the former,especially in those lyrics showing general themes. However,in a lot of lyric poetry,especially in those by the autodiegetic speaker,speaking instance or character can be situatedin a particular time and space,and the existential location of the ego can be found in time and space as well. This situation can be clearly seen from the concrete analysis of lyric texts,and understanding the situation is very helpful for understanding lyric poetry and lyric protagonist.