如画:中国古代视觉图式的历史变迁

The Picturesque:The Historical Change of Visual Schema in Ancient China

"如画"观念在中国文化中是历史地发展起来的,并且经历了几个阶段的重要转型。"如画"的概念在六朝之前都是指从工艺性花纹的角度来把握自然,对自然之美的感知是笼统和抽象的。在唐代,"如画"意味着从某种宽泛的"画意"的角度来观照自然。从晚唐开始,"如画"之"画"具体化为特殊的绘画类型或风格,体现了观看自然的意识中已有了视境的区分与风景的组织的自觉。宋代以后,如画之眼意味着一种经过训练而获得的人文素养。如画内涵的历史变迁表明中国人观照自然的意识的不断深化。

Concept of 'The Picturesque'has experienced important historical transformation of several stages in Chinese culture.Before the six dynasties,the concept of 'Picturesque'referred to grasping nature from the angle of craftsmanship,and the perception of the beauty of nature was general and abstract. In the Tang Dynasty,'The Picturesque'meant to view nature from a broad angle of'Painting Image'. Since the late Tang Dynasty,the 'Painting'in the concept of the 'The Picturesque'has been concretized into a special painting type or style,which embodied that the consciousness of viewing nature has already begun to distinguish the visual environment and the organization of the scenery. After the Song Dynasty, the insight of picturesque meant a kind of human literacy achieved by training. Therefore,the historical changes about concept of the picturesque showed that Chinese consciousness of grasping nature was continuously deepen.