论二妃形象的二重性及其对湖湘文学精神的影响

On the Duality of the Image of Two Princesses and Its Influence on the Spirit of HuXiang Literature

二妃是中国文学史上最富情感特质、最具地域特色的人物形象之一。在《尚书》中便有二妃的相关记载,但作为尧帝之女、舜帝之妻的二妃,并不完全是单一的文学形象,秦汉时期的二妃同时也是道德典范,被列入《列女传》之首。二妃的文学形象虽然最早出现在神话中,但最终是在屈原笔下定型的。屈原将其政治上的不遇情结注入到二妃爱情本事中,并通过湘君、湘夫人表达了其骚怨的精神。这种骚怨精神结合湖湘客籍文人的不幸遭遇,对湖湘文学产生了长远的影响,进而形成了特有的湖湘文学精神。

The image of two princesses were one of the most emotional and regional one in the history of Chinese literature. There were related records of the two princesses in Shang Shu. But as the daughters of Emperor Yao and the wives of Emperor Shun,this kind of image was not only a single literary one but also the moral model in Qin and Han dynasties which were listed in the first of Biographies for Chaste Women. Although the literary images of the two princesses firstly appeared in mythology, it was finalized the design by Qu Yuan. Qu infused his political unmet complex into the love of two princesses and expressed his grudges through the im-ages of the lord of river Xiang and the lady of river Xiang. This kind of grudge spirit combined with the unfortunate encounter of literati lived in the area of Hu Xiang had a long-term influence on HuXiang literature and then formed the unique HuXiang literary spirit.