《论语》中“文道”关系论——“文以载道”前理论形态探讨之一

On the Relationship Between “Literature and the Taoism” in The Analects:An Exploration of the Pre-Theoretical Form of “Literature as a Vehicle for Conveying the Taoism”

深刻影响中国文学精神的"文以载道"观,虽然没有直接出现在《论语》中,但《论语》论述"文""道""礼"并讨论"文道""文礼"关系,为它的发生提供了重要思想基础,是它的前理论形态之一。其中"文质论"规范了载道观中文道两项式的论述方式,"志道论"赋予载道观以主体性,"文礼论"与载道观的功用思考最接近,主张为社会培育合格的人。在评价"文质论"或"文道论"时,要坚持两条原则:其一,将它们放在具体语境中并与其他文论观相比较,才能得出合理结论。其二,要讲适度性,认识到任何一种文论观都是有限的,只解释所选定的而不必解释全部的文学问题。

The concept of 'Literature is a vehicle for conveying the Taoism'that deeply influenced Chinese literature,though was not taken directly from The Analects,however,discussion of'Literature','Taoism'and'Rites'as well as relationship between'Literature and Taoism'and'Literature and Rites'in The Analects provided an important ideological basis for its occurrence and was one of its pre-theoretical forms. Specifically,the discussion on 'Form and Content'regulated the way of discussing the two forms of the viewpoint of Literature as the vehicle of Taoism;the discussion on'Will and Taoism'endowed this concept with subjectivity;the discussion on 'Literature and Rites' brought its similar reflection on functional thinking of that viewpoint, both advocating cultivating complete men for the society. While literary views on 'Form and Content'or 'Literature and Taoism'were critiqued,two principles needed to be considered:first,put them in specific contexts and compare them with other literary views before a proper conclusion was arrived. Second, emphasize moderation and keep in mind the limited applicability of literary views which explain only what is chosen,not all the literary problems.