荞麦属植物多年生种间杂种的鉴定

Identi?cation of Perennial Interspeci?c Hybrids on Genus Fagopyrum

探讨SSR分子标记用于荞麦种间F1杂种的真假性鉴定的可行性,为今后荞麦杂交育种研究及高产优质新品种选育提供一定的指导。利用235对SSR引物对小米荞、大苦1号、红心金荞、大野荞、巨荞5个亲本进行PCR扩增,以获得多态性较高的引物,在此基础上对大苦1号×红心金荞、巨荞×红心金荞、小米荞×红心金荞、巨荞×小米荞、巨荞×小米荞B、巨荞×大野荞6个杂交组合杂种进行SSR分子标记分析,同时对真杂种形态表现进行观察记录并计算其杂种优势。结果获得2对多态性较高引物(SSR2159/58和SSR6790/89),鉴定出3个真杂种:大苦1号×红心金荞、小米荞×红心金荞、巨荞×红心金荞。本研究结果说明SSR分子标记可以用于荞麦种间杂种鉴定,真杂种大苦1号×红心金荞表现出超亲优势且正常可育,可用于新品种选育。

This study attempted to search SSR markers for validating the authenticity of F1 hybrids between buckwheat species,in order to provide some clues for the future research of crossing breeding and the development of new varieties with high yield and good quality.By employment of 235 pairs of SSR primers,we performed PCR amplification using 5 parental accessions,including Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn.(Xiaomiqiao),F.tataricum(L.)Gaertn.(Daku No.1),F.cymosum(Trevir.)Meisn.,F.megaspartanium Q. F. Chen,F.giganteum Krotov to find the polymorphic markers.On this basis,primers with higher polymorphism were obtained,and SSR molecular marker analysis of 6 hybrids,including F.tataricum(Daku No.1)×F.cymosum,F.giganteum×F.cymosum,F.tataricum(Xiaomiqiao)×F.cymosum,F.giganteum×F.tataricum,F.giganteum×F.tataricum,F.giganteum×F.megaspartanium.At the same time,the morphological characteristics of hybrids were observed and recorded,and their heterosis was calculated.The results showed that there are 2 pairs of polymorphic primers(SSR2159/58 and SSR6790/89)identified,and 3 true hybrids were identified,including F.tataricum(Daku No.1)×F.cymosum,F.tataricum(Xiaomiqiao)×F.cymosum,F.giganteum×F.cymosum(Trevir.)Meisn..Thus,SSR markers can be used for identifying interspecific hybrids of buckwheat,hybrid F.tataricum(Daku No.1)×F.cymosum showed superparental superiority and normal fertility,and could be used for developing varieties.