喷施小分子有机物对小油菜生长发育和养分吸收的影响

Effects of spraying low molecular organic compounds on growth and nutrients uptake of rape( Brassica Chinensis L. )

【目的】某些小分子有机物具有良好的渗透、保湿及粘着性,与养分混合喷施可促进作物生长和养分吸收,在农业生产上常被用作肥料助剂,但关于小分子有机物本身对作物生长发育、养分吸收等方面影响的研究目前鲜有报道,本文利用小油菜盆栽试验,喷施不同小分子有机物(山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠、甘氨酸),以研究小分子有机物对作物生长发育、养分吸收的影响和明确不同小分子有机物的最佳喷施浓度。【方法】采用盆栽试验,作物选用小油菜,小分子有机物选用山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸,每种小分子有机物各设4个喷施浓度:山梨醇为30、90、150和300 mg/kg,葡萄糖酸钠为150、300、600和1200 mg/kg,甘氨酸为60、120、250和500 mg/kg,以喷施清水为对照,共13个处理,每个处理四次重复,采用随机区组排列。小油菜三叶期开始喷施,之后每隔7天喷施一次,共喷施4次。小油菜收获后,测定生物量、叶片SPAD值以及植株硝态氮、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白与氮、磷、钾养分的含量,分析喷施小分子有机物对小油菜产量、品质、养分吸收的影响,并采用回归分析方法研究小分子有机物喷施浓度与上述各测定指标的相关性。【结果】1)与对照(喷清水)相比,喷施山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸的小油菜生物量平均增加了9.80%、26.37%、25.40%,其中,以喷施山梨醇300 mg/kg、葡萄糖酸钠600 mg/kg和甘氨酸250 mg/kg的小油菜生物量增幅最大,分别为25.60%、31.87%、35.87%;2)与喷清水对照相比,喷施3种小分子有机物均可改善小油菜品质、促进养分吸收,其中,喷施适宜浓度的山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸可显著降低小油菜硝态氮含量,明显提高可溶性糖含量和SPAD值,显著促进小油菜对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收;3)根据回归分析结果,3种小分子有机物喷施浓度与小油菜生物量、品质和养分吸收量均呈二次曲线相关,表明在适宜的喷施浓度下,山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸均具有促进作物生长和吸收养分的作用,其中,以山梨醇150 300 mg/kg、葡萄糖酸钠600 1200 mg/kg、甘氨酸120 250 mg/kg喷施效果最佳。【结论】小分子有机物山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸叶面喷施可促进小油菜生长和对养分(氮、磷、钾)的吸收、提高产量、改善品质,可作为作物的叶面有机营养剂直接施用,并可进一步研究作为有机水溶性肥料的助剂。

Objectives]Some 1ow-mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds are wide1y used as ferti1izer assistants in fo1iar ferti1izers for their good humectants,Penetrative and adhesive ProPerties. However,1itt1e attentions have been Paid to their effects on P1ant growth and nutrients uPtake unti1 now. Therefor,the effects of sPraying 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds( sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine)on the growth and nutrients uPtake and their oPtimum aPP1ication rate were studied in this PaPer.[Methods]A Pot exPeriment was conducted with raPe( Brassica Chinensis L. )as matira1. Water was sPrayed as contro1(CK),four sPraying densities of sorbito1(30,90,150 and 300 mg/kg),sodium g1uconate(150,300,600 and 1200 mg/kg)and g1ycine(60,120,250 and 500 mg/kg) were designed with four reP1ications each treatment. Treatments were imP1emented since the beginning of three-1eaf stage of raPe and four sPrayings continued with a frequency of every seven days. The raPe biomass,1eaf SPAD va1ues and contents of nitrate,so1ub1e sugar,so1ub1e Protein and main nutrients of raPe were measured.[Results]1)ComPared with contro1,the raPe biomass were increased by 9. 80%,26. 37% and 25. 40% in the treatment of sPraying sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine,and the best sPraying density of sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine were 300 mg/kg,600 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg,and the raPe yie1ds were increased by 25. 60%,31. 87%and 35. 87%,resPective1y. 2 )ComPared with contro1,sPraying ProPer 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds cou1d imProve the nutrients( N,P,K)uPtake,enhance the contents of so1ub1e sugar and Protein,Promote SPAD va1ues and decrease the nitrate content of raPe obvious1y. 3)The corre1ation ana1ysis showed that there was a significant corre1ation of quadratic curve between the sPraying concentration of the 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds and the biomass,nutrients uPtake caPacity and qua1ity of raPe,resPective1y,which indicated that the oPtima1 aPP1ication rate of sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine were 150 -300 mg/kg,600 -1200 mg/kg and 120 -250 mg/kg, resPective1y.[Conclusions]SPraying 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds( sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine) cou1d increase the biomass,imProve the qua1ity and enhance nutrients( N,P,K ) uPtake of raPe. The 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds can be sPrayed direct1y to P1ant 1eaves as the organic nutrients as we11 as assistants in ferti1izers.