高血压与肥胖引起左心室重构的性别差异

Gender differences in left ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension and obesity

目的探讨高血压与肥胖引起左心室重构的性别差异。方法对2015年7月至2016年12月在天津医科大学总医院心血管内科住院的748例患者进行一项观察性研究。结果入选男413例,女335例。男女性患者的收缩压(SBP)、相对壁厚(RWT)和甘油三酯(TC)的差异无统计学意义。肥胖在男性患者中更常见(75.1%比62.7%,P <0.01)。男性患者中,左心室质量指数(LVMI)与SBP(r=0.241,P=0.000)、舒张压(DBP)(r=0.218,P=0.005)、体重指数(BMI)呈正相关(r=0.105,P=0.025);也与高密度脂蛋白(HDL)(r=0.225,P=0.000)、肌酐呈正相关(r=0.113,P=0.025);与TC、总胆固醇(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、年龄相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相对壁厚(RWT)与SBP(r=0.374,P=0.000)、DBP(r=0.328,P=0.000)、BMI呈正相关(r=0.154,P=0.056);也与肌酐(r=0.151,P=0.009)、TC(r=0.179,P=0.018)、TG(r=0.133,P=0.027)、LDL呈正相关(r=0.130,P=0.036);与年龄呈负相关(r=-1.71,P=0.021);与HDL相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性患者中,LVMI与SBP(r=0.353,P=0.000)、DBP(r=0.178,P=0.006)呈正相关;也与年龄(r=0.123,P=0.042)、肌酐(r=0.188,P=0.010)呈正相关;与TC、TG、LDL、HDL、BMI相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RWT与SBP(r=0.259,P=0.000)、DBP(r=0.218,P=0.000)、肌酐(r=0.143,P=0.015)呈正相关;与年龄、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、BMI相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在男性患者中,RWT高血压组[(0.43±0.06)比(0.40±0.05),P=0.008]和高血压肥胖组[(0.44±0.07)比(0.40±0.05),P=0.007]均显著高于对照组,但肥胖组与对照组的RWT差异无统计学意义;高血压组[(0.43±0.06)比(0.41±0.04),P=0.017]和高血压肥胖组[(0.44±0.07)比(0.41±0.04),P=0.009]均显著高于肥胖组,但高血压组与高血压肥胖组的RWT差异无统计学意义。LVMI肥胖组[(118.4±23.2)比(109.1±23.6),P=0.035]、高血压组[(127.6±32.1)比(109.1±23.6),P=0.006]和高血压肥胖组[(132.4±30.9)比(109.1±23.6),P=0.004]均显著高于对照组;高血压肥胖组显著高于肥胖组[(132.4±30.9)比(118.4±23.2),P=0.006];高血压组和肥胖组、高血压肥胖组的LVMI差异无统计学意义。在女性患者中,RWT高血压组[(0.43±0.06)比(0.39±0.04),P=0.006]和高血压肥胖组[(0.44±0.06)比(0.39±0.04),P=0.005]均显著高于对照组,但肥胖组与对照组的RWT差异无统计学意义;高血压组[(0.43±0.06)比(0.41±0.05),P=0.018]和高血压肥胖组[(0.44±0.06)比(0.41±0.05),P=0.008]均显著高于肥胖组,但高血压组与高血压肥胖组的RWT差异无统计学意义。LVMI高血压组[(123.6±27.8)g/m^2比(97.1±25.7)g/m^2,P=0.006]和高血压肥胖组[(124.6±27.8)g/m^2比(97.1±25.7)g/m^2,P=0.005]均显著高于对照组,但肥胖组与对照组的LVMI差异无统计学意义;LVMI高血压组[(123.6±27.8)g/m^2比(103.4±25.8)g/m^2,P=0.008]和高血压肥胖组[(124.6±27.8)g/m^2比(103.4±25.8)g/m^2,P=0.007]均显著高于肥胖组,但高血压组和高血压肥胖组的LVMI差异无统计学意义。通过二元Logistic回归分析得到,高血压患者发生离心性肥厚的风险是对照组的3.654倍(95%CI=1.665～8.018);高血压患者发生向心性肥厚的风险是对照组的6.943倍(95%CI=2.785～17.310);高血压肥胖患者发生向心性肥厚的风险是对照组的9.940倍(95%CI=4.328～22.827)。结论研究表明,高血压较肥胖更容易诱发左心室肥厚。向心性肥厚和离心性肥厚的患病率在高血压组、肥胖组和高血压肥胖组患者之间有所不同,但均无性别差异。

Objective To describe the gender specific patterns of left ventricular adaptations to obesity and hypertension.Methods It was an observational study of 748 patients from 2015-07 to 2016-12.Results The study included 413 males and 335 females.Obesity was more common in males(75.1% vs 62.7%,P =0.000).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure(SBP)and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)was positively correlated in women(P <0.05),while diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and LVMI was positively correlated in men(P =0.006).The LVMI was higher in hypertensive women compared with obese group(123.6±27.8 vs103.4±25.8,P =0.005).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertensive patients are easier to develop left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)than obesity and hypertensive-obese patients are at higher risk of concentric hypertrophy(CH)(OR =9.940,95%CI =4.328-22.827).The prevalence of CH and eccentric hypertrophy(EH)was similar between males and females in these three groups through chi-square test(P >0.05).Conclusion Studies have shown that LVH is more likely to be induced by hypertension than obesity.The prevalence of CH and EH was different among hypertensive,obese and hypertensive-obese patients,but there was no gender difference.