某医学院大学生手卫生知识态度行为的现状研究

Survey on Medical college students’ hand hygiene knowledge,attitude,behavior

目的了解医学院大学生对手卫生的知识掌握情况以及相关态度和行为的状况,以期为今后的手卫生教育提供理论依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,对济宁医学院校726名在校大学生进行手卫生知识、态度、行为问卷调查。结果手卫生知识得分共计20题,总分24分,经统计分析可得,医学生的手卫生知识平均得分为(19.10±3.88)分,其中手卫生知识掌握情况较好的(20~24分)占58.31%,一般的(16~19分)占28.67%,较差的(3~15分)占13.02%。其中男生的平均得分为(17.31±5.04)分,女生的平均得分为(19.68±3.21)分,差别有统计学意义(F=35.183,P<0.05);临床专业的学生平均得分为(17.82±4.81)分,护理专业学生平均得分为(20.10±3.20)分,其他专业学生平均得分为(19.25±3.12)分,差别有统计学意义(F=19.044,P<0.05);去过医院实习的学生平均得分为(19.51±3.97)分,未去过医院实习的学生平均得分为(18.42±3.34)分,差别有统计学意义(t=3.544,P<0.05)。主动经常、一般、偶尔、从未了解手卫生知识的分别占24. 1%、47.9%、19.4%、8.5%;不同专业的学生主动了解手卫生知识情况比较,差别有统计学意义(χ~2=21.705,P<0.05)。关于手卫生知识培训,非常愿意、愿意、无所谓、不愿意参加的分别占42.1%、43.8%、12.0%、1.0%;临床学生中非常愿意、愿意、无所谓、不愿意参加的分别占56.1%、34.3%、8.7%、0.9%,护理分别占43.1%、47.3%、8.8%、0.8%,其他专业分别占28.5%、50.9%、19.3%、1.3%,差别有统计学意义(χ~2=42.987,P<0.05)。仅约12.1%学生能严格按照七步洗手法要求依步骤洗手,有22.6%学生则对步骤不完全清楚、27.8%的知道步骤但不会严格依步骤洗手、37.2%的学生完全不按七步洗手法洗手。在平时洗手时,男生中15.7%能严格按照七步洗手法洗手、32.0%男生对步骤不完全清楚、18.5%知道步骤但不会严格依步骤洗手、33.7%完全不按七步洗手法洗手,而女生分别占11.0%、19.6%、31.0%、38.5%,差别有统计学意义(χ~2=19.630,P<0.05);有实习经历的学生中能严格七步洗手、步骤不完全清楚、知道步骤但不会依步骤洗手、完全不按七步洗手法的分别占16.6%、17.2%、33.5%、32.7%,无实习经历的学生则分别占3.5%、34.5%、16.4%、45.6%,差别有统计学意义(χ~2=64.028,P<0.05)。结论该校医学生对手卫生知识掌握情况尚可,但是在手卫生执行上较差,需要加强相关教育,完善相关设施,大力开展正确洗手实践活动,以期使医学生在进入医疗机构前,熟练掌握手卫生方面的技能。

Objective To understand the knowledge of college students’health care and the related attitudes and behaviors,in order to provide a theoretical basis for future hand hygiene education.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to investigate the knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of hand hygiene among 726 college students in a medical school.Results The total score of hand hygiene knowledge was 20 questions,with a total score of 24 points.According to statistical analysis,the average score of medical students’hand hygiene knowledge was(19.10±3.88)points,and the knowledge of hand hygiene was better(20~24 points).Accounted for 58.31%,the average(16-19 points)accounted for 28.67%,and the poor(3-15 points)accounted for 13.02%.The average score of male students was(17.31±5.04),the average score of female students was(19.68±3.21),the difference was statistically significant(F=35.183,P<0.05).The average score of clinical students was(17.82±4.81)points,the average score of nursing students was(20.10±3.20)points,and the average scores of other professional students were(19.25±3.12)points.The difference was statistically significant(F=19.044,P<0.05).The average score of students was(19.51±3.97),and the average score of students who had not been internship in hospital was(18.42±3.34).The difference was statistically significant(t=3.544,P<0.05).Active,general,and occasional,never knew about hand hygiene knowledge,accounting for 24.1%,47.9%,19.4%,8.5%;students of different majors took the initiative to understand the knowledge of hand hygiene,the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=21.705,P<0.05).Regarding hand hygiene knowledge training,42.1%,43.8%,12.0%,and1.0%were very willing,willing,indifferent,and unwilling to participate;56.1%of clinical students were very willing,willing,indifferent,and unwilling to participate,respectively.34.3%,8.7%,0.9%,nursing accounted for43.1%,47.3%,8.8%,and 0.8%,respectively,and other majors accounted for 28.5%,50.9%,19.3%,and1.3%,respectively.The difference was statistically significant(χ~2=42.987,P<0.05).Only about 12.1%of students can wash their hands in strict accordance with the seven-step washing method.22.6%of the students are not fully aware of the steps,27.8%know the steps but will not wash their hands strictly according to the steps,and37.2%of the students do not follow the seven steps.Wash your hands by washing your hands.When washing hands regularly,15.7%of boys can wash their hands in strict accordance with the seven-step washing method,32.0%of the boys are not completely clear about the steps,18.5%know the steps but will not wash their hands strictly according to the steps,33.7%do not wash their hands according to the seven-step washing method.The girls accounted for 11.0%,19.6%,31.0%,and 38.5%,respectively.The difference was statistically significant(χ~2=19.630,P<0.05).Students with internship experience can wash their hands in strict seven steps,the steps are not completely clear,and the steps are known.However,those who did not wash their hands according to the steps and did not follow the seven-step washing method accounted for 16.6%,17.2%,33.5%,and 32.7%,respectively,and those without internship experience accounted for 3.5%,34.5%,16.4%,and 45.6%,respectively.Statistically significant(χ~2=64.028,P<0.05).Conclusion The health knowledge of the medical students in the school is good,but the implementation of hand hygiene is poor.It is necessary to strengthen relevant education,improve relevant facilities,and vigorously carry out proper hand washing practice,so that medical students can master the hand before entering the medical institution.