不同轮作模式对马铃薯干物质积累、病害发生及产量的影响

Effects of Different Rotation Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation, Disease Occurrence and Yield of Potato

在内蒙古阴山北麓地区开展定点试验,对比分析不同轮作模式对马铃薯干物质积累、病害发生和产量的影响。结果表明,绿肥春翻→绿肥夏翻→马铃薯轮作模式(LcLxM)的马铃薯各器官干物质积累量、全株最大干物质积累速率、全株最大干物质积累量和产量最大,叶片、茎和块茎干物质积累量较向日葵→向日葵→马铃薯的轮作模式分别增加了22.57%、24.83%和23.42%,全株最大干物质积累速率增加28.09%,全株最大干物质积累量增加33.07%,产量增加15.46%。其次是绿肥春翻→绿肥春翻→马铃薯(LcLcM)的轮作模式较好;马铃薯几种病害病情指数和发病率以向日葵→向日葵→马铃薯的轮作模式最低,其中早疫病病情指数和植株枯萎病发病率较LcLxM轮作模式分别降低了39.99%和76.40%,块茎黑痣病和疮痂病病情指数较LcLcM的轮作模式分别降低了93.38%和87.98%。燕麦→向日葵→马铃薯轮作模式病害发生程度居中,LcLcM和LcLxM两种轮作模式的病害发生程度最高。综合分析各方面性状得出:在内蒙古阴山北麓的气候和土壤条件下,马铃薯生产中比较适宜的轮作模式是绿肥春翻→绿肥夏翻→马铃薯,其次是绿肥春翻→绿肥春翻→马铃薯。

A fixed-point test was carried out in the northern foothills of Yinshan,Inner Mongolia,to compare and analyze the effects of different crop rotation patterns on dry matter accumulation,disease occurrence and yield of potato.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of the organs,the highest dry matter accumulation rate of the whole plant,the maximum dry matter accumulation amount of the whole plant and the yield were the most in the rotation mode of green manure spring turn→green manure summer turn→potato(LcLxM).The dry matter accumulation of leaves,stems and tubers of LcLxM increased by 22.57%,24.83%and 23.42%,respectively compared with sunflower→sunflower→potato rotation mode.The highest dry matter accumulation rate of the whole plant increased by 28.09%,the maximum dry matter accumulation of the whole plant increased by 33.07%,and the yield increased by 15.46%followed by the green manure spring turn→green manure spring turn→potato treatment(LcLcM).The disease index and the incidence rate of several diseases of potato were the lowest in sunflower→sunflower→potato rotation mode,and the incidence of early blight disease index and plant blight decreased by 39.99%and 76.40%,respectively compared with LcLxM.The disease index of tuber black smut and scab disease was 93.38%and 87.98%lower than that of LcLcM,respectively.The oat→sunflower→potato rotation pattern was moderately affected.LcLcM and LcLxM had the highest disease occurrence.It was concluded:under the conditions of the climate and soil in northern foot of Yinshan,Inner Mongolia,the most suitable crop rotation mode in potato production is green manure spring turn→green manure summer turn→potato,followed by green manure spring turn→green manure spring turn→potato.