不同种植方式对旱地马铃薯水分利用及产量的影响

Effects of Different Planting Methods on Water Utilization and Yield of Potato in Dryland

针对内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区年降雨较少、蒸发量大、传统种植模式下马铃薯水分利用效率低等问题,在垄作全覆膜(T1)、垄作半覆膜(T2)和垄作不覆膜(对照)种植方式下对土壤水分动态变化、植株生长、水分利用效率和产量等指标进行比较分析,探讨适宜马铃薯的抗旱保墒种植技术。结果表明,苗期至成熟期,T1单株干物质积累量较对照提高了25.7%~120.0%,叶面积指数增加了42.2%~178.6%,且明显提高了0~30cm土层土壤含水量,其产量和水分利用效率分别较对照提高了133.5%和115.8%,T1减少了土壤水分蒸发,但显著增加了作物对土壤水分的消耗。因此,T1能够有效保持土壤水分,提高作物水分利用效率和产量,是适宜内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区马铃薯种植的抗旱保墒技术措施。

In view of the problems of less annual rainfall,larger evaporation and lower water use efficiency of potatoes under traditional planting in the farming-pastoral ecotone at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia,In this study,the dynamic changes of soil moisture,plant growth,water use efficiency and yield under ridge cultivation with full plastic film mulching(T1),ridge culture semi-plastic film mulching(T2)and ridge cultivation without plastic film mulching(CK)were compared and analyzed to explore the suitable planting techniques for drought resistance and soil moisture conservation.The results showed that from seedling stage to maturity stage,the dry matter accumulation per plant under T1 increased by 25.7%-120.0%,the leaf area index increased by 42.2%-178.6%,and the soil moisture content in 0-30 cm soil layer was significantly higher than the control,and the yield and water use efficiency increased by 133.5%and 115.8%,respectively.Full plastic film mulching decreased soil water evaporation but significantly increased the water consumption by plants.Therefore,full plastic film mulching can effectively maintain soil moisture,improve crop water use efficiency and yield,which is a suitable drought-resistance and soil moisture conservation measure for potato production in farming-pastoral ecotone at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia.