减氮条件下有机物料还田对麦田酶活性及其土壤碳氮含量的影响

Effects of Organic Materials Returning on Enzyme Activities and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Wheat Field under Nitrogen-Reducing Conditions

为了研究不同有机物料还田对麦田土壤酶活性与土壤养分的影响,通过田间试验比较单施氮肥(CK,施纯氮270kg/hm^2)、秸秆还田(J,较CK减氮20%)、秸秆还田+牛粪(JF,较CK减氮20%)、秸秆还田+菌渣(JZ,较CK减氮20%)4种不同培肥处理,对麦田0~60cm土层脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机碳、全氮含量变化进行研究。结果表明,在小麦季0~20cm土层各处理在拔节期脲酶活性最大,20~40cm土层JF处理在拔节期和开花期脲酶活性最大;在0~20和20~40cm土层JF处理在拔节期蔗糖酶活性显著高于CK处理。除J处理外,其他处理在0~20cm土层拔节期有机碳含量最大,且有机碳含量均表现为JF处理最大,其次是JZ处理;在0~20cm土层各生育时期JF处理的全氮含量均最大,且显著高于CK处理。减氮条件下有机物料还田能有效提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,有机碳和全氮含量,并且土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性与有机碳和全氮含量均呈极显著正相关关系。综上,在减施氮肥条件下有机物料还田可以提高土壤质量。

Based on the field experiment,the effects of different organic materials returning on soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients in wheat were studied.Four models were designed:single application of nitrogen(CK,N 270 kg/hm^2),straw returning(J,N 216 kg/hm^2),straw and cow dung(JF,N 216 kg/hm^2),straw and mushroom dregs(JZ,N 216 kg/hm^2),0-60 cm soil layer on wheat field urease,invertase activity and soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were studied.The results showed that the urease activity was the highest in the jointing stage at 0-20 cm,and the urease activity was the highest in the jointing stage and flowering stage in the treatment of 20-40 cm soil layer straw returning and mushroom dregs(JZ).In 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers,the invertase activity of straw and cow dung(JF)treatment was significantly higher than CK treatment at jointing stage.Except for J treatment,other treatments in the 0-20 cm the organic matter content layer was the highest at jointing stage,and JF treatment was the highest,followed by JZ and J treatment,CK treatment was the lowest;the total nitrogen content of JF treatment was the highest in the 0-20 cm soil layer,and it was significantly higher than CK.The return of organic materials to soil could effectively increase soil urease activity,invertase activity,the content of organic matter and total nitrogen.Soil urease,invertase activity and organic matter and total nitrogen content were significantly positively correlated.In summary,organic materials returning to the field under reduced nitrogen applications can improve soil quality.