邓子恢与中国革命中的农村阶级问题

Deng Zihui and the Issue of Rural Social Classes in the Chinese Revolution

本文研究的是在人民共和国成立之前的中共革命时期,邓子恢对待不同农村阶级的态度以及他对于农村阶级政治的认识的演变。邓子恢农村阶级政治实践的核心是一个他本人形成的观察:贫雇农是革命最坚定的支持者,尤其是在危机时刻,他们比富农和中农要可资依靠得多。邓子恢围绕这样一个观察所形成的阶级政治,特别强调贫雇农的主体性,强调要在农村确立贫雇农的政治优势,强调要满足贫雇农的经济利益,即使是以牺牲富农和地主为代价。

This article studies the evolution of Deng Zihui’s attitude toward different rural social classes and the shaping of his conclusions about rural class politics in the Communist revolution before the founding of the People’s Republic.The core of his political practice of rural class struggle was based on his observation that poor peasants and agricultural laborers were the most determined supporters of the revolution,much more reliable than rich peasants and middle peasants,especially in times of crisis. Always based on this observation,Deng’s class politics emphasized especially the agency of poor peasants and agricultural laborers,the establishment of their political dominance in rural areas,and the satisfaction of their economic interests,even at the expense of sacrificing the rich peasants and the landlords.