国家主导型发展规划的地方回应研究——以宁边村“美丽乡村建设工程”为中心讨论

Local Response to State-Led Development Plans:The Case of “Beautiful Village Project” in Ningbian Village of Yunnan Province

国家基于对社会的简单化管理而制定的发展规划常常与农民的微观生活世界之间出现断裂,但是这些宏观的发展规划最终能够成功执行,并对中国乡村社会变迁产生深远影响。宁边村的研究个案表明,在发展规划从制定到执行的过程中,三个行动主体的行为发挥了作用。发展规划的决策者与政策实施对象之间关于对未来美好生活的实现达成了共识;村民出于理性的利益计算而接受了来自国家的宏观发展规划;发展规划的执行者在政策执行过程中积极回应村民的合理诉求,采取了变通措施弥合了宏观的发展规划与农民微观生活世界的断裂之处。

Despite their recurrent disjunction with the real world of rural dwellers in their everyday life due to state authorities’ oversimplified approach to the governance of society,most of the macro development plans imposed from above came to fruition in the end and had a profound impact on social changes in rural China.As the case of Ningbian village shows,three key actors were involved the process of the making and implementation of development plans.The first is the makers of the development plan,who had to reach a consensus with the beneficiaries of the projects over the future life goals of the latter.The second is the villagers who accepted the state’s macro development plan only on the basis of their rational calculation of self-interest.And the third is those who implemented the development plan;they had to positively respond to the reasonable claims by the villagers and handle the possible conflicts between the development plan and the concerns of local community with flexibility.