全球化生产下民工公民身份差序体制:比较中国沿海三个区域

Migrant Citizenship Regimes in Globalized China:A Historical-Institutional Comparison

中国农民工在旅居地缺乏完整公民权,不被当成平等的市民(公民)对待,遭受公民身份差序体制的歧视与排除,但歧视待遇因地而异。有研究者论证,全球化使得民族国家之间产生公民身份阶层化的关系。但是,该类研究甚少注意到全球化带给民族国家内部之公民权利阶层化的现象。本文将论证:全球化生产下,外资对中国公民权利配置的影响并非单一模式,而是表现出区域差异。不同地区条件的组合,以及这些条件与国家政策和全球资本的互动,都会催生不同的地方公民身份体制。本文界定了三种地方公民身份体制的类型,并比较上海、苏南、珠三角等区域之间在制度安排、地方政府与企业行为以及民工处境上的差异。本文研究材料来自田野调查深度访谈、汇总统计资料分析以及官方文件分析。

China’s migrant workers are not treated as equal citizens in their sojourning cities.They are systemically discriminated against by virtue of China’s system of differential citizenship,but their situation varies according to different local conditions.Scholars have argued that globalization has brought about hierarchies of citizenship in the world’s nation-states.However,they have paid little attention to the effects of globalization on the hierarchical allocation of citizen rights within the nation-state.The article argues that globalization in the form of foreign investment does not have a uniform impact on the allocation of citizen rights across regions in a huge country rich in diversity.Rather,divergent local citizenship regimes have emerged due to varying configurations of local conditions and their interaction with state policy and global capital.The article defines three types of local migrant citizenship regimes and compares different institutional arrangements,official and corporate behavior,and migrants’situation across regions.