SRS-Schwab Ⅳ级截骨联合卫星棒技术治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨质疏松性骨折伴严重后凸畸形

SRS-Schwab grade Ⅳ osteotomy combined with satellite rod for thoracolumbar old osteoporotic fracture with severe kyphosis

目的探讨SRS-Schwab Ⅳ级截骨联合卫星棒技术治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨质疏松性骨折伴严重后凸畸形疗效。方法 2013年4月—2016年8月,采用SRS-Schwab Ⅳ级截骨联合卫星棒技术治疗20例胸腰椎陈旧性骨质疏松性骨折伴严重后凸畸形女性患者。患者年龄49~71岁,平均54.8岁。病程6~28个月,平均14个月。骨密度T值为–4.4~–1.8,平均–2.8。术前后凸Cobb角为(43.0±11.3)°。椎体压缩骨折节段:T12 9例,L1 8例,L23例。术前神经功能Frankel分级:D级5例,E级15例。记录手术时间、术中出血量及并发症发生情况;比较术前、术后3个月及末次随访时后凸Cobb角和矢状面垂直轴(sagittal vertical axis,SVA);术前及末次随访时采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价临床疗效,从疼痛程度、日常生活自理能力、提物、行走、坐、站立、睡眠、社会活动、旅行进行评价。结果手术时间180~314 min,平均226 min;术中出血量390~1 800 mL,平均750 mL。所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。20例均获随访,随访时间24~52个月,平均30.9个月。随访期间无明显矫形丢失、断钉、断棒、假关节形成、近端交界性后凸和远端交界性后凸等并发症发生,术后12个月时截骨均达骨性融合。术后患者均能直立行走,6个月时疼痛程度较术前明显减轻。术前5例伴有神经损害患者,末次随访时神经功能均改善至Frankel E级。末次随访时ODI各项评分均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。术后3个月和末次随访时后凸Cobb角均较术前显著改善(P<0.05);术后3个月和末次随访间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术前后各时间点SVA比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 SRS-SchwabⅣ级截骨联合卫星棒技术治疗胸腰椎陈旧性骨质疏松性骨折伴严重后凸畸形,可以获得满意矫形和良好疗效。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of SRS-Schwab grade Ⅳ osteotomy combined with satellite rod for thoracolumbar old osteoporotic fracture with severe kyphosis. Methods Between April 2013 and August 2016, 20 cases of thoracolumbar old osteoporotic fracture with severe kyphosis were treated with SRS-Schwab grade Ⅳ osteotomy combined with satellite rod. All the patients were females, aged 49-71 years(mean, 54.8 years). The disease duration was 6-28 months with an average of 14 months. The T value of bone density was –4.4 to –1.8(mean, –2.8). The preoperative Cobb angle was(43.0±11.3)°. The vertebral compression fracture segment was T12 in 9 cases, L1 in 8 cases, and L2 in3 cases. Preoperative spinal cord function was evaluated by Frankel classification;there were 5 cases of grade D and15 cases of grade E. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative complication were recorded. The Cobb angle for kyphosis and sagittal vertical axis(SVA) were recorded before operation, at 3 months after operation, and at last follow-up. Oswestry disability index(ODI) was used to evaluate the effectiveness before operation and at last followup, and the evaluation indicators included pain degree, daily life self-care ability, extracting, walking, sitting, standing,sleeping, social activities, and traveling. Results The operation time was 180-314 minutes(mean, 226 minutes). The intraoperative blood loss was 390-1 800 mL(mean, 750 mL). All the incisions healed by first intension without incision infection. Twenty patients were followed up 24-52 months, with an average of 30.9 months. During the follow-up period,no significant complication such as correction loss, nail breakage, rod breakage, pseudoarthrosis formation, or proximal and distal junctional kyphosis occurred. All patients were able to walk upright after operation, and the pain relieved significantly at 6 months after operation. Bone fusion achieved at 12 months after operation. The Frankel grade of nerve function improved from grade D to grade E at last follow-up in 5 patients with nerve damage before operation. At last follow-up, the indicator scores of ODI significantly improved when compared with preoperative values(P<0.05). Cobb angle significantly improved at 3 months after operation and at last follow-up(P<0.05) when compared with preoperative one, but there was no significant difference in the Cobb angles between 3 months after operation and last follow-up(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in SVA between pre-and post-operation(P>0.05). Conclusion SRSSchwab grade Ⅳ osteotomy combined with satellite rod for thoracolumbar old osteoporotic fracture with severe kyphosis is effective in achieving satisfactory clinical outcomes, as well as maintaining correction of kyphosis.