微波熔炼锡合金粉工艺研究

Process of Microwave Melting Tin Alloy Powder

微波具有整体加热,速度快,加热效率高等优势,在新材料制备,尤其是在粉末冶金领域中具有广阔的应用前景。本文针对高速离心雾化制备锡合金粉中所产生的大量粉料回用问题,采用微波技术进行锡合金粉的强化熔炼。对离心雾化法制备的金属锡合金粉的形貌和粒径及吸附水分进行了表征,锡粉颗粒均匀且呈球形, 90%的颗粒粒径在50~75μm范围之间。通过介电性能测试,研究了锡粉的微波吸收特性。微波的穿透作用对锡粉具有良好的整体加热性能,对于粒径为50μm的金属锡合金粉来说,其微波作用的有效体积达到35.3%。研究了锡合金粉料微波加热和升温特性。结果表明:微波熔炼锡合金粉具有较高的升温速率,可达120℃·min-1以上,具有较高的热效率,缩短了熔炼时间。并对合金元素分布、相组成、密度以及微波熔炼热效率等进行了分析,所制备的合金组织和元素分布均匀,致密性好,与理论密度一致。

Microwave heating has the advantages of overall heating,fast heating speed and high heating efficiency.It has broad application prospects in the preparation of new materials,especially in the field of powder metallurgy.To recycle the large deal of powder occurring in the process of high-speed centrifugal atomization of tin alloy powder,tin alloy powder was melt by microwave melting technology.The chemical characterization over the morphology,particle size and absorbed moisture of metallic tin powder prepared by centrifugal atomization method was carried out.It turned out that the tin powder particles were uniform and spherical with 90%of the particle size ranging from 50 to 75μm.The microwave absorption characteristics of tin powder were investigated by dielectric properties test.The results showed that the penetrating effect of microwaves had a good overall heating performance for tin powder.For metal tin alloy powders with particle size of 50μm,the effective volume of microwave heating was up to 35.3%.The microwave heating and characteristics of temperature rising of tin alloy powders were studied.Finally,it was concluded that microwave melting tin alloy powder had a higher heating rate,up to 120℃·min-1 or more and high thermal efficiency,which could shorten the experimental time.After analyzing the alloy element distribution,phase composition,density and thermal efficiency of microwave melting,it was found that the prepared alloy materials and elements were evenly distributed,compact and consistent with the theoretical density.