警察的特质性焦虑与注意偏差

Trait anxiety and attentional bias in policemen

目的:探讨不同特质焦虑水平的警察对情绪面孔的注意偏向特点。方法:通过特质焦虑量表(STAI)选取特质焦虑水平较高的警察44人(男23人,女21人),特质焦虑水平较低的警察44人(男25人,女19人)。采用2 (特质焦虑类型:高特质焦虑水平、低特质焦虑水平)×2 (情绪类型:积极、消极)×2 (线索提示类型:一致、不一致)的实验设计,运用点探测实验范式通过比较被试对不同情绪类型、不同线索提示类型的按键反应的反应时差异来考察两组警察的注意偏向特点。结果:高特质焦虑水平警察的积极情绪面孔反应时小于消极情绪面孔反应时[(638. 0±12. 4) ms vs.(651. 7±13. 1) ms,P <0. 01],而低特质焦虑水平警察对积极情绪面孔和消极情绪面孔的反应时差异无统计学意义(均P> 0. 05);高特质焦虑水平组的线索提示类型一致反应时小于不一致性反应时[(640. 3±12. 6) ms vs.(649. 5±13. 0) ms,P <0. 05],低特质焦虑水平组的一致反应时与不一致反应时无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);线索提示类型一致条件下,两组警察对积极情绪面孔和消极情绪面孔的反应时差异无统计学意义(均P> 0. 05),线索提示类型不一致条件下,高特质焦虑水平警察对消极情绪面孔的反应时高于积极情绪面孔的反应时[(663. 1±9. 8) ms vs.(651. 4±8. 9) ms,P <0. 01]。结论:高特质焦虑水平警察对消极情绪面孔存有注意偏向,存在注意解除困难现象。

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias in emotional faces of policemen with different trait anxiety levels. Methods: By using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory( STAI),44 policemen( 23 males and 21 females) were included in the higher trait anxiety level group and 44 policemen( 25 males and 19 females)were included in the lower trait anxiety level group. The 2 anxiety style(( higher trait anxiety level,lower trait anxiety level) × 2 emotional type( positive,negative) × 2 clue type( identical side,opposite side) hybrid design was used to investigate the attentional bias of the response time differences between the two groups of policemen on keystroke responses of different emotional types and different types of clues by using a dot probe. Results: The positive emotional face reaction of the higher trait anxiety level group was less than that of the negative emotional face reaction[( 638. 0 ± 12. 4) ms vs.( 651. 7 ± 13. 1) ms,P < 0. 01],while the lower trait anxiety level police had no statistical significance on the reaction of positive emotional face and negative emotional face( P > 0. 05). The clue types in the higher trait anxiety level group were identical side less than opposite side response time [( 640. 3 ± 12. 6) ms vs.( 649. 5 ± 13. 0) ms,P < 0. 05],and there was no statistical significance in the lower trait anxiety level group about identical side and opposite side response time( P > 0. 05). The clue type in identical side,there was no significant difference in the response of two groups to positive emotional faces and negative emotional faces( P > 0. 05);while the clue type in opposite side,the response of higher trait anxiety level group to negative emotional faces was higher than that of positive emotional faces (( 663. 1 ± 9. 8) ms vs.( 651. 4 ± 8. 9) ms,P < 0. 05)Conclusion: It suggests that the policemen with higher level of trait anxiety have selective attentional bias to negative emotional faces,which induced by impaired attentional disengagement.