中国15岁及以上人群归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾率分析

A cross-sectional survey of mental disability attributed to psychosis among persons aged 15 years and over in China

目的:描述我国15岁及以上人群中归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾率及其分布特征,为精神残疾预防和康复提供依据。方法:对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查的数据进行统计分析。以全部调查人群中由于精神病性障碍所致残疾的患者所占比例作为归因残疾率的计算公式。以校正标准误后的Poisson回归模型估计患病率比(PR)为指标分析归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾各相关因素的影响作用。结果:归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾率为4.16‰,其中,归因于精神分裂症的精神残疾率为3.75‰。归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾的程度高于归因于非精神病性障碍的精神残疾。女性(PR=1.50),年龄大(30～49岁组PR=12.78,50～64岁组PR=13.90,65岁及以上组PR=6.56)、未婚者(PR=11.74)和离异或丧偶人群(PR=3.22),居住在西部地区者(PR=1.09)归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾率较高,非汉族人群(PR=0.74),初中教育程度人群(PR=0.82),非农业人口(PR=0.81)归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾率较低。结论:归因于精神病性障碍的精神残疾率较高,女性、年龄较大者、婚姻不稳定、西部地区人群、汉族以及农业人口是精神病性障碍所致精神残疾防治的重点人群。

Objective:To describe the prevalence and characteristics of mental disability attributed to psychosis among persons aged 15 years and over in China,so as to provide scientific evidences for prevention and rehabilitation of mental disability.Methods:It was a secondary data analysis using data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability.Prevalence of disability attributed to psychosis was the ratio of the number of disable persons due to psychosis to the number of total population.Prevalence ratios(PR)were estimated from Poisson regression with robust variance for the independent effects of related factors on the prevalence of mental disability attributed to psychosis.Results:The mental disability attributed to psychosis was 4.16‰.Among all types of psychosis,mental disability attributed to schizophrenia was the highest(3.75‰).And the severity of mental disability attributed to psychosis was higher than that of non-psychosis disorders.Female(PR=1.50),persons with older age(PR for persons aged 30-49 years,50-64 years,and 65 years and over were 12.78,13.90 and 6.56 respectively),persons never married(PR=11.74),or divorced or widowed(PR=3.22),and people living in western areas(PR=1.09)had higher prevalence of mental disability attributed to psychosis,while persons from minority ethnic groups(PR=0.74),finished junior high school(PR=0.82),and population with non-agriculture household registrations(PR=0.81)had lower prevalence.Conclusion:Attention should be paid to disability prevention and rehabilitation in Chinese adults with mental disability attributed to psychosis.Women,older persons,unstable marriage status,living in western area,Han ethnic group,and people with agriculture household registrations should be the key population for the prevention and treatment of mental disability attributable to psychosis.