安徽省食物中毒病因变迁与防治对策评析

Analysis of Cause Changes and Preventive Measures on Food Poisoning in Anhui Province, China

目的 探讨我省食物中毒病因变迁规律 ,为今后食物中毒防治工作提供参考。方法 按照不同时期对全省食物中毒发生情况、中毒场所、中毒原因食品、致病因素等进行归类统计、对比分析。结果 全省食物中毒发生起数、中毒人数和死亡人数逐年下降 ,年均发病率大幅度下降 ,食物中毒发生规模逐渐减小。在各个时期 ,家庭食物中毒的构成均占首位 ,且在死亡人数中占 70 %以上。动物性食物中毒所占比重下降 ,植物性食物中毒比例上升 ;微生物性食物中毒、有毒动植物食物中毒比例下降 ,农药及化学物食物中毒比例上升 ;在死亡人数中 ,由有毒动植物中毒引起的所占比例在下降 ,由植物性食物中毒引起的所占比例逐步上升。结论 应重视和加强植物性食品、农药及化学物食物中毒防治工作 。

Objective To study the regularity and tendency of cause changes on food poisoning in Anhui province, and give reference for the prevention in future. Methods Food poisoning data of chronological tables were categorized and compared in term of different features, such as event place, poisoned food and pathogenic factors. Results The number of poisoning events, victims and deaths had been declining year by year, so were the average incidences and the scale of every food poisoning event. Food poisoning occurred in family ranked first, accounted for more than 70% death of all. Food poisoning events caused by animal food, microorganisms and toxic animal and plant decreased yearly, whereas events caused by plant food, pesticide and chemicals increased. The proportion of death caused by toxic animal and plant decreased, but increased caused by plant. Conclusions Preventive measures should be studied and taken in order to avoid food poisoning caused by plant food, pesticide and chemicals.