外商直接投资、知识产权保护与发展中国家的社会福利——兼论发展中国家的引资战略

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Developing Countries with Endogenous R&D

本文在一个由发达国家企业和发展中国家企业所构成的寡头垄断的产量竞争模型中 ,考察了在发达国家企业所进行的产品创新型R&D投资具有溢出效应的情况下 ,发达国家企业对发展中国家的外商直接投资 (FDI)所产生的福利效果。本文发现 ,即使发展中国家拥有生产成本相对低廉的优势 ,发达国家企业对发展中国家的FDI也只有在溢出效应较小时才可能发生。但这种情况下的FDI也可能损害发展中国家的同类竞争企业 ,甚至损害发展中国家的社会福利。当然 ,以上结论并不意味着引进外资必然损害发展中国家的利益 ,外资引进对发展中国家所产生的福利效果 ,在很大程度上取决于FDI的性质 (产品市场的所在国 )、发展中国家成本优势的大小以及它对知识产权的保护力度等因素。

This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) performed by a firm of a developed country on the social welfare of a developing country in a differentiated duopoly with substitute goods and product R&D. It is found that even when a developing country has comparative advantage from the point of view of the cost of production, the FDI performed by developed countries occurs only when spillover effect is relatively small. When this kind of FDI occurs, however, the welfare of developing countries may fall in some cases. The effect of FDI on the social welfare of developing countries will depend on the following three factors: the characteristics of the FDI, the degrees of comparative advantage of cost and the degrees of protection of intellectual property rights.