我国省份之间的要素流动和边际生产率的差异分析

Factor Mobility and Dispersion in Marginal Products:A Case on China

本文讨论了我国各省份之间的生产要素配置的有效性问题。首先 ,在估计各省份的生产函数的基础上 ,给出了各省份资本存量和劳动的边际回报率的大小。其次 ,本文引入了刻划边际回报差异程度的指标———离差指标。通过分析发现 ,从 1 970— 1 989年 ,资本存量的边际生产率的差异水平在缩小 ,从 1 989年起 ,边际生产率的差异水平保持在一个稳定水平 ;劳动的边际生产率的差异从 1 970— 1 993年也在缩小 ,但是 ,从 1 994年开始 ,劳动的边际生产率的差异水平反而开始上升。最后 ,本文对出现的资本存量和劳动的边际回报率差异的变化趋势进行了初步的解释。

This paper examines the efficiency in resource allocation in China.We estimate production functions at provincial level and use these functions to compute time series for the marginal product of capital and labor.We find that the dispersionin the marginal product of capital declines from 1970 to 1984 and then becomes stable afterwards whereas the dispersion of marginal product of labor declines initially but the trend reverse since 1993.We argue that this reversal may indicate any of the following:(1) a policy-driven labor magration adding to labor market inefficiency;(2)the presence of increasing returns in labor;(3)both capital and labor have become mobile since 1993.